Pornography Essay Example for Free

Pornography EssayOver the period of m both years the consumption of carbon blackography has massively expanded causing it to hit presently created itself a significant position in culture. Society has learnt to accept and receive porno as per centum of its natural and regular routines. Whether its the control factor out which porn allows its audience to hold or the fact that porn requires minimum effort and commitment, either way at least 40 million adults regularly come themselves visiting pornographic sites. (microtrends,2007, page 276) According to (George Barna, Boiling Point It Takes One Degree Monitoring Cultural Shifts in the 21st Century, p. 23) sales on the meshing for pornographic images seem to exceed the sales of opposite online products.The demand of porn remains active as habitrs place their confidence in the discretion factor which dirty word holds. This demand contributes to the reason in which porn has created its significant niche into community, be coming effortlessly integrated into popular culture. Unlike technology employ all(prenominal) day which is almost always provided with warnings for its consumers, filth comes with no warnings.Material can range from contemporary and soft to unsavory and degrading, yet legion(predicate) individuals believe that porn in a choice, in which its viewers take their own risk in any dangers it whitethorn cause. Whilst porn was once seen as an expression of manful ethos, it has upraisen to get last enjoyable for both male and female nations. The extensions of inner fantasies created by both the male and female mind are part of the contribution towards the change in the patience in which porn has g oneness from practically invisible to globally unavoidable.Whereas some had once scorned porn or found it humiliating to be considered having any link with the industry, the substance is now much to a greater extent open and can often be socially discussed. Whilst it may have once been disgrace to be seen with a Playboy or Nuts magazine, these images have now become part of our mainstream media creating an undistinguishable line of what one may consider as soft or hard porn. As porn has become progressively embedded upon philosophy, a wider range of pornographic footages and images become available for its audience at affordable charges, creating an overwhelming growth in the pornography industry.Alongside the growth of technology, this shift in culture has concluded in media finding itself with an excessive sum of porn accessible over the internet. Many of these images creation classified as extreme porn. So what is extreme pornography? Commencing the twenty-sixth January 2009, laws on extreme porn were put into action by the United Kingdom Government meaning it became illegal to possess any extreme pornography that may be grossly offensive, disgusting or of obscene character, alongside any pornography which may portray any explicit and virtual(prenominal) way of extreme acts. (http//www. cps. gov. uk/legal/d_to_g/extreme_pornography/) Extreme porn was specify by the Government under specific knowledgeable acts. The ministry of Justice put into place that any acts containing a result or likely result of serious injury to a persons genitals, anus or breasts would be considered as extreme. Deeds threating a persons life or sexual acts involving a corpse were also placed under this act. Pornographic images or footage which may be defined as such are strictly illegal in the United Kingdom meaning those found distributing or publishing may face conviction. end-to-end the early stages of extreme porn publishing, images and videos were put together by students and television authorities with the help of prostitutes in night club to create what would be the future of porn. a good deal of this media caused shock and controversy finishedout legion(predicate) diverse cultures and societies who believed extreme porn should be categorized wi th child pornography. The Obscene Publications Act was put into place in order to support an argument in which would claim that limits were to be set in order to diffuse the growth of extreme pornography in order to protect children and the general public from the pornographic industry.The controversies around porn clearly show the modification of the purpose of pornography. As it was once used for satire, pornographic images gradually began and remain to be used in order to stimulate and satisfy. According to Gail Dines (How Porn Has Hijacked Our Sexuality) the vast majority of porn which is being viewed today contains violent and highly graphic images. Being an anti-porn feminist Dines lookings porn is degrading to women who are often the receivers of the violent behavior.In writing her book, Dines expressed her feelings on the hard-core pornography industry and how she feels that pornography is changing the way in which men and women explore their sexual relationships, as if po rn is celebrating the use of forcefulness, violence and humiliation in intercourse. Dines opinion is headlanded by pro-porn feminists who believe women have as much of a right to explore their sexual fantasies which may involve wees of seduction and violence, as do men.As many much women believed that being involved in pornography was a right which they had themselves, much content began to become produced. As the desires of both men and now women began to grow so did the content used in porn. In April 2006, Chanel 4 released a series The Dark Side of Porn in which researchers studied the adult pornography industry. Extreme pornography was explored throughout the series, particularly during season two, where bestiality was travelled in which Bodil Joensens life as a porn star was lay out for viewers.Joensen was known to have had sexual intercourse with animals in at least 40 extreme pornographically movies. Her sexual activities caused much shock just allowed her to create a celebrity status for herself. Animal Farm contained sexual corruption meaning it wasnt to be allowed for official release however this seemed to mountain in more viewers who were eager to find out more about the film and to discover the reasons in which it may have been banned.Like many porn stars who may have engaged with sexual activity with animals, Joensen received much demand and perplexity from users who use porn in order to feel better about themselves. Whilst many might have found the footage to be offensive, conversely many users gained complete satisfaction as they believed that if Joensen would engage in sexual intercourse with animals she would also consider intercourse with them. Their gratification went on to turn into a fantasy, creating an increasing demand.Joensen, now known as the queen of bestiality, may have once disturbed many with her sexual activities, though now it seems as if her life is celebrated. This became an influence for other upcoming porn stars w ho also craved the attention of the public, using pornography to get to the top. However, many attempts were rejected by Hollywood who originally wished to have nothing to do with the porn business. As culture and society began to change, Joensen became one of the many porn starts to have created a distinguished career.Today porn stars are regularly placed into the same grouping as singers, actors and other mainstream celebrities, particularly as many personalities also become part of the pornography industry with the help of leaked home sex tapes which are often sold for impossible amounts of money. The industry has gone global in which the standards of porn anticipated by those who sell sex is beyond belief. In order to generate a celebrity status for themself, porn stars pornographic footage or images must be talked about.Due to television, magazines and music videos, soft porn will no longer create this image. As society becomes more comfortable with soft porn which is faced on a daily basis, porn stars are pushed to their limits in order to be noticed. The use of soft porn in daily media affects the whole society and has become a main contribution to the reason in which many individuals are leftover unconcerned with todays mainstream pornography. Sex sells, is often a statement used by the media in order to justify the use of sexual images throughout their broadcasting.As progressively more industries begin to use sex as an advertising tool, pornography starts to become the normality meaning it also becomes less offensive and more accepted. hard core need to involve the substances which soft porn lacks in order to achieve its desired effect. Whilst soft porn would have once been used as a method of arousal, magazines and television allow their audience to experience this pleasure every day, contributing in soft porn becoming more socially acceptable. An example of this can be seen in music videos in which women are often displayed as sex symbols where t hey dance erotically wearing spicy clothing.Being exposed to these messages on a daily basic has created a sense of monotony towards soft pornography meaning the porn industry is pushed to its margin in order to re-build the satisfaction factor it wishes to impose upon its audience. One of the main factors which contribute to porn being less offensive over the years is through acceptance. Pornography has become more established into many diverse cultures and societies, although many anti-porn feminists and religious icons may disagree, many will argue that pornography caries its advantages involving the non-judgemental form of stimulation it provides to its audience.Whilst once the use of porn in media was scorned, society has become more tolerant of the industry, even discussing the use of porn with minors on series such as The Sex Education Show airing on Chanel 4. The growth of pornography has been joined by nourishment for the industry as many take on the approach that society has no choice but to live with porn and assume the responsibility that it may hold. Alongside being more accepted into popular culture, pornography has also become more accessible. This relates to both soft and hard-core porn.DVDs, the internet, magazines, television and many other new technologies have allowed sexual media to become widely available to everyone including underage children. The average age of children wishing to explore sex decreases, as the typical age of internet porn expose is at a tender eleven years. (www. familysafemedia. co. uk) Children not only view sex, they are often manipulated in order to become part of sexual fantasies for adults. The availability of porn has as much contribution to the formation of extreme porn as the acceptance of soft pornography.Being seen as a slant system in which porn can be easily accessed or delivered to its audience with no commitment or effort needed, pornography has broadened the perimeter of the amount of porn which can actually be accessed. The porn which has today grown to become widely available for viewers is far from contemporary, soft and friendly porn. Hard-core porn has become increasingly abusive containing numerous events of humiliation towards women. However, if women arent offended by the content shown in porn then how could society question a mans enjoyment in watching a female being degraded.Pornography is often discussed throughout womens magazines in which it becomes embraced with journalists pass advice on how porn could become integrated into an individual own life. In defence of pornography women liberals believe that a womans body becomes a womans right in which she may enjoy any pleasure, whether or not it be degrading to others as each individual decides what liberating and demeaning may mean to themselves. Sexual, global socialization has had many consequences upon todays culture, as years progress, pornography seems to become more acceptable, more accessible and more extrem e.It becomes clear to see the factors in which have contributed the most towards the shift of pornography and to the change of outlooks towards the industry. By media producing sexually explicit material and publishing it for the nation to see, pornography industries have pushed themselves to their limits in order to provide new material to fulfil the needs and fantasies of its audience. Pornography has become legitimized and celebrated resulting in fewer cases of society being offended by its content. But is there more to come?

Geohydrology and Structure: Groundwater Resource Estimation

Geohydrology and Structure Ground irrigate Resource EstimationSYNOPSISThe past few decades have witnessed an ever increasing demand for stainwater and its scarcity think problems, mappingicularly in semi-arid hard rock terrains, are well known and draw attention of many geoscientists. Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) comprises a sequence of basaltic lava flows of Cretaceous to Eocene age which are covering an estimated theatrel extent of 5,00,000 Km2 in west central part of Peninsular India. Groundwater potential of the basaltic aquifers (considered to be quadruplicate aquifer systems due to the flow characteristics) constituting DVP is highly variable and inconsistent due to the heterogeneity and anisotropy in the aquifer characteristics (Deolankar, 1980 Duraiswami, 2008 Duraiswami et al., 2012). Presence of basic dykes in such an environment makes the hydrologic characteristics of the basaltic aquifers more(prenominal) complex. There exists a characteristic pattern in the distr ibution of the dykes and distribution of simple and compound lava flows in DVP (Deshmukh and Sehgal, 1988 Ju et al., 2013 Ray et al., 2007 Vanderkluysen et al., 2011). A wide revolution in the climate, physiography and rainfall is also an important aspect while estimating the groundwater potentiality of the DVP area.An attempt is made to teach the effect of the dyke intrusions on hydrogeology of Nandurbar area, which is located set ab stunned the Narmada Tapi Rift zone. Approximately 640 Km2 in Nandurbar district (primarily a tribal district in Maharashtra terra firma) around Nandurbar city was considered for detailed accept. A detailed contemplate was carried let out to estimate the groundwater resources, keeping in mind the marked growth in agricultural activities and human population over the last decade in the study area and its proximity to Narmada Tapi rift zone and presence of dyke intrusions . The area under study is located around the city between East Longitude 74 0 5 00 to 74 25 00 and North Latitude 21 15 00 to 21 25 00 and included within the Survey of India topographical map numbers 46 K/3 and 46 K/7.The main objectives of the present work areTo describe the general effort, and structure of the lineaments (fractures and dykes) using field evidences, topographical maps and simulated satellite imageries.To understand the effect of dykes and fractures on the permeability and porosity of rocks in the study area depending on their distribution, orientation and concentration.Analysis and integration of remote sense and ground based hydrogeological data through Geographic Information System (GIS) to prepare groundwater potential zonation map for the study area.To analyze the water samples covering the entire area to understand the groundwater fibre and its related problems.Evaluation of the groundwater potential zones and resource estimation in relation to the structures ( in general dykes) in the area together with the quality zonation map ping would be useful for strategic planning and management of groundwater resources in the DVP.The study was carried out with the help of six componentsInput from remote sensing dataTopographic mapsselective information collected from field visitsGroundwater quality analysis.Preparation of thematic mapsIntegration and analysis of the results in a GIS platform.As this area is intruded by dyke swarms, identification of lineaments and readiness of the thematic maps were carried out using topographical maps, satellite imageries and field data. Field work included water level measurement, litho-log preparation, collection of water from wells for quality analysis, well inventory etc. The geological and geomorphological maps were prepared and cross checked during field works and final maps were prepared with necessary modifications. Compilation of the reflection from well data, rainfall data and the previous records collected from GSDA and CGWB were carried out to know the long term tren d of the groundwater conditions. Laboratory analysis of the water samples and the petrographic studies of the rock samples unveil the quality and geological aspects.Geology, geomorphology and the hydrogeological characteristics of the rocks have considerable effect on controlling the occurrent and movement of groundwater. Geological investigation of the area reveals that the area is principally constituted by simple and compound basaltic flows. Quaternary alluvial deposits of moderate thickness are located in the north eastern part of the study area. Dykes being the major structural features present in the area stands out as prominent ridges due to the resistance to weathering and are mainly trending in the ENE-WSW directions. Dykes are of basaltic to doleritic composition and are of varying length, mainly exposed in the central and southern part of the study area.Landforms are classified mainly into structural, denudational and fluvial origin. Dykes being the major structural fe atures in the study area, are studied in detail and analysis of their orientation, thickness, length and density were carried out. Slope, slope aspect, digital elevation model, curvature and topographic wetness index parameters were used to generate results to understand the relationship between the geomorphology and hydrogeology, which is indicating towards a greater control of dykes on hydrogeological frame-up of the area. Tributaries of Tapi River drain the study area and follow the regional slope from South to North and which intersects dykes at many locations. This structural relation is of great importance and it reveals a significant control of dykes on groundwater occurrence and movement. Drainage textural analysis is used to analyze their control on permeability characteristics of the terrain and also to demarcate the potential reload zones. Hypsometric analysis of the watersheds constituting the study area helped to understand the erosional susceptibility of different wate rsheds and their demos of evolution.The role of lineaments can be of great importance while carrying out hydrogeological investigation of an area. repayable to varying aquifer characteristics basaltic flows in the study area shows wide variation in the occurrence and movement of groundwater. Observation wells were monitored for the spacial and temporal variation in water levels and quality. Input from eighty eight (88) observation wells were used to generate various hydrogeological maps and to analyze the hydrogeological setup of the area. Analytical results indicate the occurrence of three different types of aquifers namely, basaltic, alluvial and dyke aquifers. Wells tapping the dyke aquifers or which are located near the dykes observed to be more productive correspond to the rest, indicating the significant influence of the dykes. Dykes also show unique joint pattern and can be correlated with their lithology i.e. doleritic (characterized by moderately to largely spaced joint s) and basaltic (closely spaced joints).Evaluation of the groundwater flow direction and hydraulic slope results of the study area shows a close correlation with the lineaments. Lineaments which are parallel to the hydraulic gradient located in the south eastern part of the study area have little influence on groundwater movement. However lineaments located perpendicular to the hydraulic gradient has considerable effect on the occurrence and movement of groundwater. Such dykes in the study area can also used as artificial recharge structures, which in turn could promote the recharge of groundwater. Time series analysis of four observation well data of past twenty old age were analyzed to understand the rising and falling trend of water levels in the study area.The chemical qualities of the groundwater sample collected during two seasons were analyzed from th state level water testing laboratory of Tamil Nadu Water supply and Drainage (TWAD) Board at Chennai. Analysis of the results shows that groundwater chemistry is controlled mainly by the climatic and rock water interaction and there exists a spatial and temporal variation in groundwater quality. The cationic values in groundwater show increasing trend from higher elevations to lower elevations indicating the control of basaltic rock lithology. Nitrate, sulphate and chloride concentration in groundwater is mainly indicative of the anthropogenic factors. Analysis based on boozing water standards (BIS, 2012) indicates the degradation of groundwater quality in this area due to nitrate contaminations and groundwater hardness. Nitrate levels exceeding the desirable limits were observed in major part of the study area can be correlated with the increased agricultural activities and other anthropogenic factors. Thematic maps based on various chemical parameters were generated to understand the spatial and temporal variation in the groundwater chemistry. Suitability of groundwater for irrigation was verified using United States Salinity Laboratorys(USSL) graphic classification, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium percentage, conduction (Todd, 2003) and Kellys Ratio(Kelly, 1957). Analysis helped to delineate areas exceeding the permissible limits and such areas needs proper care and management while selecting the crops and suitable method of irrigation.Dykes which stand out as ridges were also noted by characteristic joint pattern. Nature of boulders present on the dyke surfaces were used to analyze the joint pattern of the dykes using high resolution satellite imagery and field evidences. This approach found to be useful in delineating the carrier and barrier stretches of dykes in the groundwater exploration stage and shows significant correlation with their water bearing characteristics. Topographic lows in the dykes proven to be of significant importance in groundwater development. Data acquired through remote sensing of the study area was also used to generate different thematic maps. Thematic maps generated and validated through field work ( i.e, Lineament map, dyke density map, geomorphological map, drainage density, Land Use/ Land Cover map etc.), were integrated using multi criteria analyses in GIS platform to delineate the groundwater potential zones. Integration of water quality maps generated for different parameters based on groundwater chemistry were used to prepare groundwater quality zonation map and has been used to delineate the spatial and temporal variations of groundwater in the study area. Results obtained from this analyzes can be used effectively while planning and managing the groundwater resources of similar areas globally.ReferencesBIS, 2012. Indian Standard Drinking Water -Specification ( Second Revision). Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), IS 10500, impertinently Delhi.Deolankar, S.B., 1980. The Deccan Basalts of Maharashtra, India- Their Potential as Aquifers. Ground Water 18, 434437.Deshmukh, S.S., Sehgal, M.N., 1988. Mafic dyke swarms i n Deccan Volcanic Province of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, in Subbarao, K. V (Ed.), Deccan Flood Basalts. Memoir of the Geological Society of India, v.10, pp. 323340.Duraiswami, R.A., 2008. changing geohydrological scenario in the hard- rock terrain of Maharashtra Issues, Concerns and way forward, in Das, S. (Ed.), Changing Geohydrological Scenario, Hardrock Terrain of Peninsular India. Golden Jubily Volume. 69, Geological Society of India, Bangalore, pp. 86121.Duraiswami, R.A., Das, S., Shaikh, T.N., 2012. Hydrogeological framework of aquifers in the Deccan Traps, India Some Insights, in Pawar, N.J., Das, S., Duraiswami, R.A. (Eds.), Hydrogeology of Deccan Traps and Associated Formations in Peninsular India. Memoir. 80, Geological Society of India, Bangalore, pp. 115.Ju, W., Hou, G., Hari, K.R., 2013. Mechanics of mafic dyke swarms in the Deccan Large Igneous Province Palaeostress field modelling. J. Geodyn. 66, 7991. doi10.1016/j.jog.2013.02.002Kelly, W.P., 1957. Adsorbsed sod ium cation supercede capacity and percentage sodium sorption in alkali soils. Science (80-. ). 84, 473477.Ray, R., Sheth, H.C., Mallik, J., 2007. Structure and emplacement of the Nandurbar Dhule mafic dyke swarm , Deccan Traps , and the tectonomagmatic evolution of flood basalts. Bull. Volcanol. 69, 537551. doi10.1007/s00445-006-0089-yTodd, D.K., 2003. Groundwater Hydrology, 2nd ed. flush toilet Wiley Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd.Vanderkluysen, L., Mahoney, J.J., Hooper, P.R., Sheth, H.C., Ray, R., 2011. The Feeder System of the Deccan Traps (India) Insights from Dike Geochemistry. J. Petrol. 52, 315343. doi10.1093/petrology/egq082

Plans And Development To Achieve Sustainability Tourism Essay

Plans And Development To Achieve Sustainability touristry EssayThis report shows how sustainable touristry has been established in England. For the completion of task on I took the tourist destination of mho west England, There is in like manner an introduction to sustainable touristry, along with this how the area in general has achieved .In the second task I have interpreted a theatrical role from the southerly west England and emphasized based on that tourist destination. I picked Cornwall. it gives an in sight to the phylogeny process that Cornwall will take to create sustainable touristry along with the plans, actions and imaginativenesss.Task 1 How the city has planned and develop to achieve sustainability?The plans and development to achieve sustainabilityThis is a kind of tourist industry that is committed to making a low impact on the environment and topical anesthetic culture, while helping to generate future employment for topical anesthetic people. The aim o f sustainable touristry is to ensure that development leads a positive experience for the local anesthetic people, tourism companies and tourist themselves. But it is a must to keep in mind that there is a vast difference surrounded by sustainable tourism and eco tourism.Many people desire that tourism is the back bone of a countrys economy, therefrom global economist forecast continuing inter interior(a) tourism growth, ranging between three to six percent annually, which totally depends on the location. As one of the largest and spendthriftest growing industries, this continuous growth will place great filtrate on remaining biologically diverse habitats and indigenous cultures, which are often used to support mass tourism.There are tourist who promotes sustainable tourism are sensitive to these dangers and seek to protect tourist destinations, thus which helps protect tourism as an industry. Sustainable tourist can reduce the impact of tourism in many ways, which includesAn ticipating and respecting local cultures, expectations and assumptions.Contributing to intercultural understanding and toleranceSupporting the integrity of local cultures by favoring business which conserves cultural heritage and handed-down cheers.Supporting local economies by purchasing local goods and participating with small, local businesses.Increasing, destinations and tourism operations are endorsing and following creditworthy tourism, as a footpath towards sustainable tourism. Responsible tourism and sustainable tourism have an identical goal, that of sustainable development. The pillars of responsible tourism are therefore the same as those of the sustainable tourism- environmental integrity, social justice and economic development. and so taking the above facts into consideration we can say that the United Kingdom is a country that move ons sustainable tourism, Places like Scotland, Irelands, and Cornwall are places that still have the beauty that was there many cours es back and thus these places employ the above system as they emergency to carry out what they have for many years.The Tourist Destination that I have chosen is federation atomic number 74 England, as it is world famous that southward West England boast of beautiful tourist destinations and those they elevate sustainable tourism. sec West England Prides itself for being the most popular tourist destination in the U.K for the apprehension is that the population is 22.7 million but with a tourist of 96 per day. But this happens to be one of the greenest and, embracing sustainability like no other tourist destination. South West England which includes Devon, Cornwall, Somerset and Wiltshire is so unique in terms of sustainability.Meeting the needs of the visitor, industry and community inwardly environmental and social limits is how tourist destinations, such(prenominal) as South West England, interpret the sometimes rather nebulous concept of sustainability and sustainable devel opment. A challenging undertaking if one considers the multitude of stakeholders problematic in Tourism and their very specific needs and expectations. barely, sustaining Tourism within social and environmental limits is crucial for the region. Nine billion GBP visitors spend a year mean that up to 262.000 jobs exist thanks tourism, with tourism counting for up to 22% of total employment in Cornwall alone. To secure this source of revenue and jobs, a sustainable approach towards tourism development is indispensable.Tourism planners in the South West were quick to realize the need for sustainable tourism and responded with a vision paper, which is called the Towards 2015, which emphasizes on sustainability and quality as the only way forward. This further state that the authorities believe that this strategy represents a huge opportunity for this region thus makes tourism up to 10% of the GDP and supports over 300,000 jobs.The people of the region want to see improvement of the re gions environment. The towards 2015 state, that the major attraction is the environment to the visitors. They excessively believe in working together with all three authorities that they can make South West the best, prosperous and successful destination.The executive Summary of this strategical paper also makes clear that a new strategic approach of tourism willProtect the environmentImprove the quality of life of the local people.Take advantage of the regions existing strengthsCreate along term and a sustainable industry.No strategy paper or vision document is deserving if no implementation or action lacks it or if it isnt followed. So thus, initiatives and marketing messages suggest that policy implementation is going thoroughly in South West England. There, dozens of initiatives have emerged in the last few years, some of the most prominent being the Green Tourism Business Scheme which is inspiring and also a very informative web sites promote sustainable tourism in South We st England.The Green Tourism Business Scheme is the national sustainable tourism certification scheme in U.k. Thus this provides tourist firms with environmental advice and audit advice too.So the following link provides wider information of The green tourism business scheme.http//www.green-business.co.uk/There are some limitations regarding the sustainable development of Englands south west. Being predominantly a rural area, poor public transport associate can make it difficult .but on the positive note, consumer awareness of sustainability issues and climate change is steadily increasing not least collectible to extensive media reporting. In the, it remains to be seen in Cornwall and Devon shall manage to keep for a sustainable tourism in the years to come.The link below will definitely bring out the fact that sustainable tourism is being marketed around the world and thus these kinds of web sites are a way of encouraging tourist.http//www.responsibletravel.com/Thus South West England a rural area has planned to develop sustainable tourism, it is also known as a very green area that is fast embracing sustainable tourism. The vision paper toward 2015 speaks more(prenominal) about this and the e marketing used by them shows that South West England is heading towards a well planned sustainable tourist destination.How the destination has been and managed to watch sustainability.The location and its characteristicsAs above I stated the area I took to make the report is South West England. South West England is one of the regions of England. It is the largest such region in terms of area, covering 9,200 square miles which includesBristol, Cornwall, Devon, Wiltshire. Five million people live there. The region includes two national parks and four world heritage sites, including Stonehenge.Traditionally, the South West England has been well known for producing Cheddar cheese, which originated in the Somerset village of Cheddar, for Devon plane teas, and for cid er. It is well known as the home of the Eden project, Aardman animation, The Glastonbury Festival, the British International Balloon Fiesta, trip hop music and also Cornwalls surfing beaches.The unique landscape, pictorial beauty and cultural heritage of Cornwall are central to Cornwalls Tourist economy and are the star attraction for Cornwalls visitors. Cornwall represents finest sustainable management and therefore essential to a long term prosperous future for the tourism industry and Cornwalls economy.Historically the tourist industry has focused on visitors verse, but for the last twenty years, the accent mark has shifted to attracting more visitors to appreciate Cornwalls intrinsic qualities throughout the year, creating successful shoulder seasons which sustain better employment spreading the total number of visitors.Great strides have been taken in the field of sustainable tourism, in no short amount to the work of the Cornwall Sustainable Tourism Project who has develope d a very mobile sustainable tourism network, providing supporting tools and training to tourism businesses across the county. Green Tourism Business scheme is highly supported in this area.How the area has managed to earn sustainability.3.2.1 The current picture.Given the relative unpopulated nature of Area of outstanding natural beauty within Cornwall as a whole, a significant simile of business awarded in the Green Tourism Business Scheme are located within the Area of out standing natural beauty of Cornwall. An baronial 20% of businesses on the GTBS are located within the AONB which in turn benefits other local benefits. Customers of GTBS businesses are likely to be more aware, environmentally responsible and less impacting on the landscape and environmental of the AONB.3.2.2 Sustainable Tourism predicted trend.Climate changeIt is difficult to predict what may happen to tourism in the establishment of climate change. One scenario is that better weather in the shoulder months could enable increased activity which shall aftermath in a higher number of tourists. to a greater extent wet weather event in the shoulder month the winter could increase the pressure for wet weather attractions. Increasing coastal erosion due to climate change could see many of the coastal car parks, foot paths under threat.Resource depletionAn increase depletion of fossil fuels and rising energy costs could result in visitors and recreation users actively seeking alternative methods of travel. Areas adjacent to center of population may experience more pressure as people constrain less mobile and there is likely to be more long term stays.Lifestyle changesThere is a current ongoing shift to shorter, more frequent visits and more last minute breaks making it more difficult for visitors to plan activities and for tourist operators to plan ahead and manage a stay and facilities. However heightened awareness of the environmental impact of tourism is likely to lead to more visitors se eking sustainable breaks in areas that are well managed and concured.Tourism development.Increasing numbers of tourists and their changing expectations and desires in terms of their experience are likely to increase pressure for tourism development, particularly in coastal areas such as the redevelopment of coastal caravan sites, new cafes, shops and bars, further car parks and other infrastructure such as toilet facilities. All have the potential to negatively charged impact upon the AONB landscape.Equally,the national trust restoration of diminished hot spots such as Kynance cove, Lizard point and Bedruthan steps demonstrates how conservation and intensive rile can be reconciled and sustained with planned management and targeted resources.3.2.3 Cornwall Sustainable Tourism working Group.Visit Cornwall is the tourism service based within the Cornwall development Company at Cornwall Council.Vistit Cornwall will administer a new Visit Cornwall Partnership to give a strategic stee r to tourism within Cornwall, producing a new business plan. There will be a valuable opportunity to influence both the plan and partnership in order to maintain sustainable tourism and recreation within the county. The sustainable Tourism working group is an informal group of compositions that meets to push forward the sustainable tourism order of business in Cornwall and this group will be instrumental in influencing mainstream tourism development.3.2.4 Sustainable AccessOpportunities to encourage sustainable access to Cornwall and AONB through work of organization such as Devon and Cornwall Railway Partnership -seeking to encourage visitors to use rail way around Cornwall, A number of other transport initiatives exist to encourage car free day outs. The Cornish way multi use trails provide opportunities for walkers and cyclist to access ANOB.There will be opportunities to build new infrastructures such as multi link trails, in order to support and encourage sustainable tourism. 3.2.5 The Rural Development Programme for the Area.The aim of this is to create a genuinely sustainable farming, forestry and regimen sectors. This has a number of key aims designed to increase the total value of this spend and ensure that as much as possible is kept within local rural businesses and communities. It will support the improvement of the quality of overall experience, through maintaining and developing the natural environment. As the regional strategic lead for tourism, South West tourism are delivering the sustainable rural tourism theme with the current round of funding now allocated to 6 regional projects in Cornwall. Thus it is being led by Cornwall Council and involves the development of multi user trails in Cornwall, around Bodmin area, linking the Tarka and Camel trails to relieve honey pot sites on the coast.3.2.6 AimsA tourism industry which recognizes the value of a high quality landscape to its business, with the AONB playing a central role and which looks to attract sustainable visitors, in sustainable numbers through the year.A visitor and tourist provider which respects the landscape and environment of the Cornwall AONB and does everything possible to minimize their own impact.A tourism industry which values the landscape as its key asset and is in harmony with its land scape and environment, seeking to support other Cornish industries which enhance local distinctiveness.3.2.7 PoliciesPromote sustainable tourism which supports for the for the landscape and environment upon which the industry depends, providing a model for the development of tourism across the whole of Cornwall.Raise awareness and respect for the Cornwall AONB and communicate effectively to local tourist businesses about the special qualities of the natural, cultural and built environment of the AONB in order that they can be celebrated, respected and sustainable utilized as a utilized as a marketing tool.Sensitively and sustainable developed and market the AONB to potential visitors numbers where the AONB landscape is becoming degraded through over use.Secure a strong voice for the AONB within tourism management in Cornwall to ensure that sustainable tourism activity drives the industry.3.2.8 ActionsRepresentation from the Sustainable Tourism Working Group and the Cornwall AONB partnership on the visit Cornwall partnership-Cornwall sustainable tourism working group.Encourage training in the tourism sector.Production and implementation of a yearly business plan to implement the Cornwall AONB sustainable Tourism Strategy plan and action plan.ConclusionThis report is how south west England will encourage developing Sustainable tourism and face the tourist challenges in the future keeping in mind that tourism is the back bone of a country. This also clarifies the action that should be taken in order to achieve a successful sustainable tourist industry.

Competition in the coffee industry

Competition in the chocolate industryINTRODUCTIONToday we stand witness to a reinvigorated deep brown era, superstar made up of Caffe Lattes, Espresso Macchiatos, Cappuccinos and Frappuccinos. Specialty Coffee is here to stay and no unitary will be more eager to read you that than Howard Schultz, CEO of Starbucks, the human bes hugest specialization umber bar. The study of Starbucks Corporation leads one on a multifaceted journey by dint of with(predicate) an organizations insinuation into a culture, its dominance of a market and its creation of a brand synonymous with loyalty, integrity and longevity.Ever since it first spread through the Moslem world in the sixteenth century, java has played a pivotal role in society by providing meeting places for intellectuals from all sides of life to converge. As burnt umber was s meekly introduced to the European world it was recognized for both its soci cogency and its taste. Soon Coffee houses were prevalent through come on Eu rope and were the natural locations for political, literary and societal debate. It crossed the Atlantic Ocean in the mid-seventeenth century and replaced beer as New York Citys favorite morning take in.Starbucks Corporation is an international drinking chocolate berry and javahouse chain based in Seattle, Washington, United States. Starbucks is the largest coffee treehouse companionship in the world, with 16,635 stores in 49 countries, including 11,068 (6,764 Company Owned, 4,304 Franchised) in the United States, followed by n primal 1,000 in Canada and more than 800 in Japan. Starbucks sells drip brewed coffee, espresso-based sultry drinks, separate hot and cold drinks, snacks, and items such as mugs and coffee beans. Through the Starbucks Entertainment division and Hear Music brand, the company similarly markets books, music, and film. Many of the companys products atomic number 18 seasonal or specific to the locality of the store. Starbucks-brand ice cream and coffee a re also offered at grocery stores.Michael E. Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being influenced by five forces. The strategic business manager seeking to develop an edge over rival firms can use this model to better sympathise the industry context in which the firm operates. Porters Five Forces of Competitive PositionIndustry Rivalry The dynamics of the industry rivalry within the oddment coffee industry has changed dramatically since 1987. contrary the early days of the oddment coffee industry when Starbucks competed primarily against other small-scale specialty coffee retailers they now compete against companies of varying sizes and different exposures to specialty coffee. Starbucks competes with a variety of smaller scale specialty coffee shops, roughlyly concentrated in different regions of the country. All of these specialty coffee chains are differentiated from Starbucks in one way or another.Coffee Bean competes with Starbucks. They are similar to S tarbucks in their attempt to bring in a third-place but distinguish themselves by creating an entirely different atmosphere. Where Starbucks strives to create an upscale European atmosphere, Coffee Bean tries to implement a more American feel to their coffee houses. Often they will use knotty pine cabinetry, numerous fireplaces and loose seating. Also they offer a barrage of magazines and reinvigoratedspapers as substantially as the guarantee of speedy service and free refills. In addition, they offer free WiFi, drive through entrance feeibility and meeting rooms for rent. Through their supplemental VKI technologies, they afford become the world leader in the design, manufacture and distribution of coffee making equipment and related products.In addition to these smaller scale specialty coffee companies, Starbucks must now compete against two of the largest companies in the fast food industry who pitch recently entered the specialty coffee segment. The first of these compet itors is Dunkin Donuts, who claims to be the worlds largest coffee and baked goods chain. Currently, Dunkin Donuts operates about 5,500 franchises around the United States, 80 stores in Canada and 1,850 throughout the rest of the world. In the past couple years the franchise has nonplus enormous emphasis on their coffee beverages. They take care coffee beverages in an assortment of types and styles including espresso, cappuccino and latte. They also serve their coffee in an assortment of flavors including French Vanilla, hazelnut, cinnamon and numerous others. The largest industry rival currently facing Starbucks is the McDonalds restaurant fast food chain. McDonalds originated from a single San Bernardino, California hamburger stand, which opened in 1948, and has glum into what is now the worlds largest restaurant chain with over 14,000 restaurants in the United States alone. The key to McDonalds success has been the consistent eccentric standards they achieve for their food, coupled with their quick service and low equipment casualtys.10 years ago Starbucks and McDonalds were at complete opposite ends of the spectrum in the restaurant industry. However, McDonalds, encouraged by the success of its upgraded drip coffee, began testing numerous drinks exchange under the name McCafe. Starbucks meanwhile, with its rapid expansion, was adding drive-through windows and numerous breakfast sandwiches, similar to the Egg McMuffins served at McDonalds, to their stores. These measures have drawn the two companies closer together as competitors payable to an encroachment into the demographic consumer base made by each company.In summary, the current impact of the industry rivalry force created by the competition surrounded by specialty coffee retailers is very high, especially as contrasted to what it was at the time of Starbucks rapid expansion twenty years ago. The evolution of the industry has slowed while the way out of competitors within the industry has increase. Both of these factors, in addition to Dunkin Donuts and McDonalds high strategic stakes in the specialty coffee industry, have caused this change from weak to operose industry rivalry.Potential for New Entrants Another of the five forces in Porters model, which has changed significantly since the late 80s when we analyze the current environment in which Starbucks competes, is the potential for new entrants. As stated earlier, the primal deterrents to entry in the specialty coffee industry are the various barriers to entry. The economies of scale within the specialty coffee industry have increase as the size of the top players has increased. Companies such as Dunkin Donuts and McDonalds have national distribution channels through which they can transport their specialty coffee at a relatively low cost compared to potential new entrants who have no such developed distribution systems. These elephantine companies are also able to economize on their accounting operations a nd marketing budgets by facilitating their specialty coffee operations from the same de softenment as for all segments of their businesses. Finally, these larger corporations are also able to reap economies of scale through their purchasing by negotiating long term contracts with coffee farmers and purchasing coffee beans in intensity quantities at discount expenditures. There is numerous cost disadvantages imposed on new entrants that are independent of the economies of scale considerations. As the industry matures, the ability to access distribution channels and select from the highest quality coffee beans has becoming increasingly difficult. Most of the favorable store locations within the larger metropolitan areas have already been occupied by current competitors within the specialty coffee industry. Additionally, many companies now have proprietary product technology involved in the intersection of their specialty coffee as well as lower per unit costs due to an experience c urve.Product differentiation within the specialty coffee industry has moved away from the purely objective and defined traits such as the taste of the coffee, convenience of the stores and prices charged. The industry has progressed toward more subjective traits such as the ambience of the store, the social responsibility of the company and brand identification. Many companies have gained very loyal customer bases stemming from their past advertisements, customer service, objective product differentiations and early entry into the industry. All of this makes it more difficult for new entrants to gain a solid customer base.From the analysis above, it can be ascertained that the barriers to entry in the specialty coffee industry have increased substantially. As a consequence, the potential flagellum of new entrants has gone down. Since, the industry does not have large capital requirements, smaller specialty coffee shops are still prevalent throughout the United States and the potent ial for more of them to enter the industry is still present. However, these new entrants can be disregarded given the unlikely temperament of their concerted expansion and the inconsequential effects they have singly on the general acquire in the consumer market. Substitute Products The force created by substitute products in the specialty coffee industry has decreased. Many companies that presented the specialty coffee industry with a threat in the form of substitute products have actually entered the industry and now compete directly by offering their own premium coffee selections. The primary substitute products still posing a threat to the specialty coffee industry are the caffeinated soft drinks offered by Pepsi and Coca-Cola. However, even these substitute products pose lesser threat to the premium coffee industry. In the past five years, studies done on the percentage of meals or snacks that included a carbonated soft drink as opposed to coffee have shown a reversal in co nsumer preference. Coffee has gradually gained preference over carbonated soft drinks. This is mostly attributed to the health concerns associated with carbonated soft drinks and the new evidence showing coffee as a relatively healthy alternative.Supplier Bargaining Power With the extensive growth in the specialty coffee industry, provider dicker forcefulness has changed in numerous ways. In 1987, when the first Starbucks was conceived, the farmers from whom Starbucks purchased its premium coffee beans were numerous, small and unconnected to one another. Currently, many of the farmers who sell to Starbucks and other premium coffee chains are united by an initiative known as fair trade certifiable coffee, which was organized by TransFair USA. Under this initiative, companies such as Starbucks are given the opportunity to advertise their coffee as being fair trade bear witness if they purchase from coffee suppliers that are democratically owned cooperatives.This initiative was des igned to ensure that the coffee farmers would be compensated fairly for their crops. Their increased unity under this initiative worked as a positive externality by increasing their ability to exert bargaining power over their buyers. The fair trade coffee certification is looked at by consumers in their decision of where to purchase their premium coffee. Thus, although the farmers are still numerous and small they are now connected through the initiative launched by TransFair USA and act in some respects like one large entity. Although the farmers of premium Arabica beans are still in perpetual competition with the substitute Robusta coffee bean growers, their bargaining power is not significantly diminished by this threat due to the unlikelihood of a big premium coffee retailer adopting the substitution.When Starbucks first began purchasing premium Arabica coffee beans in the late 1980s, they executed purchases incrementally throughout the year. Currently, they lock their coffee suppliers into long-term contracts to skip potential price volatility. These contracts have stipulations within them which place a financial burden on the coffee suppliers if they choose to supply a different company. By creating these switching costs for the premium coffee suppliers, Starbucks has diminished their ability to play one buyer against another, which decreases their bargaining power.A last component to the analysis of supplier bargaining power within the current specialty coffee industry environment is the threat of forward integration. Technically, the farmers can forward integrate by oscilloscope up smaller coffee shops and brewing their own batches. This is, however, extremely unlikely and has yet to occur. When comparing the bargaining power of suppliers today in the specialty coffee industry to the bargaining power of suppliers during the late 1980s, it is apparent that suppliers are more powerful today. The increased unity among the coffee farmers, decreased sig nificance of specialty coffee retailers purchases as a proportion of premium coffee bean sales and increased importance placed on high quality coffee beans by the purchasers have all acted to increase the bargaining power of the supplier group. Although Starbucks has locked some of the coffee suppliers into long-term contracts not all suppliers are affected thus, the supplier bargaining power is only marginally diminished by that tactic.Bargaining Power of Buyers The last component of Michael Porters five forces analysis to be applied to the modern specialty coffee industry is the force created by the bargaining power of buyers. The primary buyers in the specialty coffee industry remain individual consumers, who neither have in concerted behavior nor individually purchase in large record books relative to the total sales of a corporation such as Starbucks. Unlike the late 1980s, however, there are a few buyers who purchase in large volumes. These large buyers are typically other m ultinational corporations who choose to serve Starbucks brewed coffee in their offices. However, the effects of losing one of these buyers to a competitor would not be detrimental to a company with a large sales volume such as Starbucks.Neither the individual consumers nor the multinational corporations who purchase specialty coffee commit a significant fraction of their resources to these purchases. This makes the buyers less sensitive to price fluctuations and gives the players within the specialty coffee industry more control over pricing. This acts to decrease the bargaining power of both the buyer groups. The expansion of the specialty coffee industry created a wider array of competitors who offered high quality specialty coffee. This made it much harder for the players in the specialty coffee industry to differentiate themselves through quality and turned quality into the industry standard. In addition to the increasing quality standardization which specialty coffee has underg one, the buyers face no switching costs and have an enormous selection of retailers from whom they can buy.The buyers of specialty coffee do pose a credible threat of backward integration. This threat can be carried out if a buyer chooses to start a mom and pop specialty coffee store in close proximity to an established specialty coffee store. Same-store sales are roughly 20% lower in Starbucks stores located within a two block vicinity of mom-and-pop specialty coffee stores. The ability of buyers to backward integrate is enhanced by the availability of all information regarding the demand, market pricing, and supplier costs in the specialty coffee industry through sources such as the World Wide Web. With full information, the buyer is in a better position to ensure that they pay a favorable price and receive an appropriate level of quality from the product. The amount of bargaining power that can be exerted by the buyers within the specialty coffee industry has increased as a resul t of the availability of information regarding market variables. This along with the other previously discussed changes to the dynamics of buyer bargaining power has increased its overall magnitude from the level it was at in the late 1980s.Limitations of Porters Five Force ModelPorters model is a effective tool used to identify whether new products, services or businesses have the potential to be profitable. However it can also be very illuminating when used to understand the balance of power in other situations. Porter argues that five forces determine the profitability of an industry. At the heart of industry are rivals and their competitive strategies linked to, for example, pricing or ad but, he contends, it is chief(prenominal) to look beyond ones immediate competitors as there are other determines of profitability. Specifically, there might be competition from substitutes products or services. These alternatives may be perceived as substitutes by buyers even though they ar e part of a different industry. An example would be plastic feeding bottles, cans and glass bottle for packaging coffee for Starbucks. There may also be potential threat of new entrants, although some competitors will see this as an opportunity to fortify their position in the market by ensuring, as far as they can, customer loyalty. Finally, it is important to appreciate that Starbucks purchase from suppliers and sell to buyers. If they are powerful they are in a position to bargain profits away through reduced margins, by forcing either cost increases or price decreases. This relates to the strategic survival of vertical integration, when Starbucks acquires, or mergers with, a supplier or customer and thereby gains greater control over the chain of activities which leads from basic materials through to final consumption.It is important to be aware that this model has further limitations in todays market environment as it assumes relatively static market structures. Based origin ally on the economical situation in the eighties with its strong competition and relatively stable market structures, it is not able to take into account new business models and the zip of the industries, such as technological innovations and dynamic market entrants from start-ups that will completely change business models within short times. For instance, coffee and soft drinks is often considered as being highly competitive. The industry structure is constantly being revolutionized by innovation that indicates Five Forces model being of limited value since it represents no more than snapshots of a moving picture. Therefore, it is not advisable to develop a strategy solely on the basis of Porters models Haberberg and Rieple, but to examine it in addition to other strategic frameworks of SWOT and PEST analysis. Nevertheless, that does not mean that Porters theories became invalid. What needs to be done is to adopt the model with the knowledge of their limitations and to use them as a part of a larger framework of management tools, techniques and theories. This approach, however, is advisable for the application of every business model.CONCLUSIONAny company must seek to understand the nature of its competitive environment if it is to be successful in achieving its objectives and in establishing appropriate strategies. If a company fully understands the nature of the Porters five forces, and particularly appreciates which one is the most important, it will be in a stronger position to defend itself against any threats and to influence the forces with its strategy. The situation is fluid, and the nature and relative power of the forces will change. Consequently, the need to supervise and stay aware is continuous. Some issues during the implementation of these Five Forces are crucially important for organizations to build long-term business strategy and sustaining competitive advantages rather than entirely list the forces. Successful use of the Porter Model Analysis includes identifying the sources of competition, the saturation and likelihood of that competition existing, and strategic recommendations for the action a company should take to in order to develop barriers to competition. Having applied Michael Porters five forces model to the specialty coffee environment which confronted Starbucks in 2007, a conclusion can be logically derived regarding how the proportionate effects of each force on the competition within the specialty coffee industry has changed since 1987. Specifically, the force created by industry rivalry has gone from one grounded in strategies of differentiation and focus while discouraging price wars to an extremely competitive environment where differentiation is increasingly difficult and price wars are looming. The strength of the force imposed by the potential for new entrants has decreased as a result of more formidable barriers to entry. The bargaining power of both suppliers and buyers has increased as a result of increased unity among the suppliers and the accessibility of information to the buyers. The threat of substitutes is still insignificant given the continued declining sales of carbonated soft drinks compared to coffee and specifically specialty coffee.

Use of Figurative Language in Daddy by Sylvia Plath Essay -- Literary

The figurative language in the poem Daddy by Sylvia Plath dismiss be used to discover a deeper significant of the poem. By using figurative language throughout the poem such as symbolism, imagery, and wordplay, Plath reveals hidden messages active her relationship with her father. Plath uses symbols of Nazis, vampires, size, and communication to help reveal a message about her dad. In Plaths poem she frequently uses figurative language about Nazis and the Holocaust. Plath depicts herself as a victim by saying she is like a Jew, and her father is like a Nazi. Plath uses a train engine as a allegory for her father speaking the German Language, and also to depict herself as a victimized Jew being taken away to a concentration camp. Plath states And the language libidinous / An engine, and engine / Chuffing me off like a Jew (Plath 30-32). This shows the subtle metaphor of the train engine being her father speaking the German language and how she feels she is a prisoner. Plath uses other(a) subtle metaphor that connect her father discreetly to the Nazis when she uses German words such as Luftwaffe (42) which is the German air force, and Panzer-man (45) who were the men who manned the German tanks. another(prenominal) example of Plath using figurative language to depict her father as a Nazi can be found when she uses an allusion to Hitlers mustache and the sacrilegious eyes of Aryans. And your neat moustache / And your Aryan eyes, bright blue (Plath 43-44). The use of this allusion gives the father the image of Hitler himself and helps build the metaphor of her father as a Nazi. Towards the quit of the poem Plath begins to be more blunt in depicting her dad as a Nazi. She uses the metaphor of her father not being like God, just quite a lik... ...voices just cant worm through (Plath 68-70) A metaphor compares the telephone to a plant, and the plant has been cut off at the descent and therefor the communication has been cut off. The roots are almost a metaphorical telephone line growing on her fathers grave, hardly now they are cut off and no longer available for communication. We can see the struggle Plath is having in wanting so desperately to put her father something but never having the chance to say it. By analyzing Plaths use of figurative language we can see a much deeper substance to her poem. We see how she depicted her father as a suffocating monster through figurative language. We also get deeper insight into the type of relationship, or rather lack of relationship between the two. Works Cited Plath, Sylvia. The Collected Poems. Ed. Ted Hughes. NewYork Harper Perennial, 1972.

Is LEED a Worthwhile Investment for Today’s Environmentally Savvy Devel

Is LEED a Worthwhile Investment for Todays Environmentally Savvy Developer?What is Wrong with the EnvironmentIt should not be a surprisal to anyone that landfills around the world are filling up. The North American lifestyle is one to which the majority of the undeveloped world aspires. Such a lifestyle is, however, tout ensemble unsustainable, today, in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, non-renewable resource consumption, and non-biodegradable waste production, let alone in the future as other countries become developed. As approximately of the second and third world nations such as China and India quickly jump toward production levels that match those of the developed world this epidemic is destined to worsen. Thus, umpteen different groups have stepped in to develop plans and programs to curb the destruction of our wonderful planet. One of these programs that focus specifically on the construction industry is the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rat ing System (LEED). This program is designed to create awareness and try to decrease the environmental degradation created from construction and demolition.When and How Did LEED begin?This program was designed in 1998 by a government funded organization called the joinedStates Green Building Council. This program was created to generate inducement forenvironmentally friendly contractors and architects to continue pursuing the implementation of environmentally friendly building practices. Soon, that guide became the leading green construction guide in the United States. As commonly occurs when an idea gains acceptance in the American market, there soon became a demand for a Canadian version of that same guide.The American guide was adopted and aug... ...r Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Benzene, found on April 12, 2007,http//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mhmi/mmg3.html http//oce.ncran.gc.ca/newbuildings.cbip.cfm Canadian Green Building Council, LEED Certified Projects in Canada Complet eListing, Retrieved April 7, 2007,http//www.cagbc.org/uploads/LEED_Certified_Projects_in_Canada_Updated_070226.pdf Dauncey, Guy. LEEDing the Way Alternatives Journal, Nov/Dec2004, Vol. 30 answer 5http//web.ebscohost.com.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/ehost/pdf?vid=5&hid=19&sid=323f957c-9796-40e2-a7cd-8a3a5bf34e6f%40sessionmgr2 Recycle Steel.comhttp//www.recycle-steel.org/PDFs/2005Graphs.pdf Terri Meyer Boake, Caroline Prochazka. LEED A Primer, 2007 from donnish SearchPremier Mark Gorgolewski. The Implications of Reuse and Recycling for the Design of SteelBuildings from Academic Search Premier

Marketing Plan for a Cosmetics Company Essay -- Business Marketing Fin

Marketing Plan for a Cosmetics CompanyEXECUTIVE SUMMARY.CosmoCosmetics.1389 sun Ave.Fort Lauderdale , Fl 34587CosmoCosmetics has decided to create a new foundation make up line for African American women exclusively. We believe there is a abatement for this type of dividing line since no make up brands specialise in this target. CosmoCOsmetics would be the exclusive manufacturer that sells to cosmetic retailers.Not only would emphasise on the variety of colours but also the packaging of the product. 1.The colours would be adjusted to this type of skin( a wide variety of darker colours )2.The make up would be offered as a spray, a completely new format in the make up industry. A Compact size that doesn?t mesh any space in the hand bag, extremely easy to use and achieves the best natural and professional results any woman would dream of.After analyze the cosmetic market we can identify a series of needs in this market1.EASE OF USE 2.AVAILABILITY3.PORTABILITY4.VARIETY OF COLORS5. s teadfast Our Spray Foundation would meet these needs by offering 1)Spray packaging with a diffuser. 2)Big cosmetic retailers across South Florida, near business areas and suburbs (Miami Downtown, North Miami Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach.3)Compact size 30 ml.(doesn?t occupy much space in the lady?s purse).4) vicissitude of colours adjusted to their type of skin tone.5)Long Durability Just needs to be applied once a day, for long lasting results. The combining of powder + minerals will make the makeup last longer leaving a moisturized and natural look.Market.Household and personal care product companies are make efforts to stimulate sales in a variety of ways, such as entering new markets, creating new product categories, adding new distribution channels, and acquiring (and divesting) businesses to be able to compete in this highly competitive industry.Over the last decade, sales at general merchandise stores, pharmacies and drugstores, have grown at medium annual rates of 6.0% and 7.5%, respectively, according to US Census Bureau retail trade data.The US and Western European markets are reaching saturation- therefore cosmetic companies see the future markets for their products in Central and Eastern Europe, Chi... ...lenge for us.Break-even (units)= ($116.400 + $32.000)/ $23= 6.453 units /quarterBreak-even sales ($)= 6.453*28.5= $183.911Total Revenue from sales $183.911Cost of goods sold $43.500-------------Gross win $140.411Calculating the ratio of variable expenses to net salesThe percentage is $43.500/ $183.911 = 23.65%Cosmo-cosmetics Co. uses $0.246 out of every sale dollar to cover variable expenses, leaving $0.753 as a contribution margin to cover fixed costs and make a gelt. (Note 75.3% is the contribution margin as a percentage of sales)Break-even sales = $116.400/ 0.753 = $154.582 Thus, Cosmo-cosmetics will break even with sales of $154.582Break-even ChartWe would expect a sales level of $183.911 (Point A= Income)Income & Expenses Sales Volu me The break-even point is located in the intersection mingled with the total expense line and the revenue line. As it is shows, Cosmo-cosmetics operates at a sales Volume to the right of the break-even point (point A), this means that it would earn a profit because the revenue line lies above the expense line over this range ?Profit area?