Monday, August 24, 2020

The Congruence Model

Question: Talk about a proper strategy to determine the issues. Answer: Deals group is client centered gathering of any association offering items and administrations in the Industry. My business group have done quite well and I have watched pipeline orders getting completed before the cutoff times. Tragically, I as of late saw that best 3 players of my business group have declining deals charts and furthermore there are not kidding clashes among Sam and John with them two accusing each other of sneaking deals orders. This went to be not kidding worry as it additionally influences the general assurance of the business group. As opposed to getting into verbal correspondence with Sam and John, I got the client deals reports pulled and the cruel truth is that both are moving toward one another clients. Another top weapon of the business group Bob had reducing marketing projections paying little mind to his long working hours. To fathom the contention, I chose to take help of The Congruence Model since this model have methodology to be applied on work, individuals, culture and structure and the result is execution. My deals are down and group isn't in joined structure so I kept everyone's eyes on this model. After part more conversation with a senior partner, scarcely any potential arrangements strike and were applied as: - Distribution of deals territory on topographical premise and in this way, no one methodologies each other client base. (Basic change) - Rewarding just top entertainers makes a partition so a culture to grant those endeavors who were near the objectives improves inspiration. (Change in culture) If there should arise an occurrence of Bob, there was monetary emergency circumstance and incredibly, it was aftereffect of the declining deals since entire deals group was influenced with inside hard feelings and gatherings. Despite the fact that Bob was working extended periods of time, he did not have the capacity of pushing his potential deals to conclusive requests. The Congruence Model turned positive for my business group to bring similarity and I accept that workplace and culture are pivotal for the correct equalization of the workforce.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Vandals Free Essays

‘Answers to address on exposition fiction should address pertinently the focal concern(s)/theme(s) of the content and be bolstered by reference to fitting methods of writing fiction, for example, Characterisation, setting, key incident(s), account strategy, imagery, structure, peak, plot, environment, exchange, symbolism. Pick a novel or short story with a focal character you consider to be brave, Show how the courageous characteristics are uncovered and talk about how this depiction of the character upgrades your comprehension of the content overall. ANSWER: Many objections as of late have spun around the solid focusing on the powerless. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Vandals or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now In Alan Bolds short story ‘The Vandals’ we hear the tale of Gordon Miller. A resigned Civil Servant whom is a calm delicate man. He could have been viewed as courageous when he faced a ground of young people †The Vandals of the story. Strong utilizations various strategies, for example, setting, symbolism and anticipating to feature Gordon Millers progress from legend to miscreant. The Vandals by Alan Bold is set in a little anecdotal Scottish town called Marshend. Gordon Miller moves into a little bungalow here searching for harmony and calm. This is before long disturbed by a neighborhood gathering of adolescents who call him names and vandalize his property. Subsequent to attempting to stand up to these young people to prevail upon them he before long understands that he is attempting to dissuade individuals who know no restrictions, he before long assumes control over things. In the opening of the story Bold alludes to the Roman intrusion of Marshend and to the Roman General Agricola. Anyway the Roman’s neglected to totally overcome Marshend. From the earliest starting point of the story Bold compares Miller against the Romans. Intense does this by giving the symbolism of Miller being the Inhabitants of Marshend and the vandals being the Roman armed force. First Miller attempts to prevail upon the vandals, anyway after different reoccurring assaults on his home Miller announces what might be classed as war on the vandals. Through various uses of word decision Bold figures out how to anticipate the way that Gordon Miller may not be as quiet and bearable individual as he is by all accounts. ‘Gordon Miller concluded he would keep calm’ This is after the primary assault on his home. By choosing to remain quiet this shows it is practically similar to he is driving himself to do as such and this is questioning that he isn’t as quiet an individual as he appears. In the town the others framed a sentiment on Gordon Millers ‘mental stability’ from this it was reflected back to him to make a supposition on himself. This tells the peruser that separated from what we have perused Gordon Miller may act diversely also. Strong appears to keep Gordon Miller character hidden from everyone else uncovering just what he has as well. It triggers a response in the perusers mind pondering with regards to why different locals have been remarking on his psychological soundness. It additionally would make Miller question his activities, on the off chance that he has been acting a specific way and residents were beginning to examine and talk regarding his activities then it would conceivably make him pay heed and attempt to change the manner in which he acts around others. Approaching the finish of the story Bold uses a great deal of symbolism connected in with Gordon Miller and the topic of the Romans. At the point when the vandals return for the last time Bold portrays Miller as remaining at the ‘summit of the slope, on the top patio. ’ This is like the possibility of the Roman General pausing and watching his domain. Gordon Miller is standing and watching the young people and his home before he dispatches his assault on the adolescents. This is the defining moment in the story where Bold turns Gordon Miller from being representative of the residents in Marshend enduring an onslaught to being the Roman General who is holding back to begin his assault. This shows Gordon Miller getting chivalrous as he is facing the vandals who have been tormenting him. This gives us the understanding that specific individuals can indeed take a limited amount of much pressure and disturbance in their lives before they reach the finish of their tie and fight back. The last sentence in the story is a picture of Miller sitting playing with a lot of ‘Roman Soldiers’. This shows Gordon Miller is significantly more perplexing than Bold let us accept. He loves request and security in his life, he doesn't care for change and disturbances. As he is playing with the Roman Soldier set this speaks to the request that he prefers in his life. Taking everything into account uncovering Gordon Millers character gradually all through the short story Bold uses various strategies, for example, poignancy, setting, symbolism and word decision. Through these we feel sympathy towards Gordon Miller and comprehend why he continued taking the chivalrous activities that he did. This encourages the peruser not to disdain Miller for his activities however feel cheerful for him that he at long last got equity on the vandals. Word Count: 755 The most effective method to refer to The Vandals, Papers

Sunday, July 19, 2020

Understanding PTSD in Children

Understanding PTSD in Children PTSD Print Understanding PTSD in Children By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 29, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 28, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Diagnosing PTSD in Young Children Signs and Symptoms Risk Factors Tips for Parents and Caregivers View All Adults are certainly not the only ones who can experience PTSD after going through a traumatic event. Children and adolescents can experience the same emotional challenges and behavioral symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder as adults. More than two-thirds of children in the United States report having experienced at least one traumatic event by the age of 16 years old.?? Of children who experience trauma, it is estimated that about 16 percent will end up struggling with PTSD. Common examples of trauma that children and adolescents can experience include things like: Sexual abuse/rapeSchool violenceNatural disastersMilitary-family related stressorsSudden or violent loss of a loved oneNeglectSerious accidentsLife-threatening illnesses Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell Updates to PTSD Diagnosis The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), is the most up-to-date version of the manual that clinical professionals use to diagnose mental health concerns. Not until this most recent revision were there specific criteria listed for diagnosing PTSD in children, specifically for children six years old or younger.?? As children continue to be exposed to traumatic events, it is important to recognize that they, too, can experience debilitating emotional challenges after going through trauma. Diagnosing PTSD in Young Children The general criteria for diagnosing PTSD applies to adults and any person over the age of six years old. The following are the new specific criteria outlined in the DSM-5 for the preschool specifier, or for those six years or younger.?? Criterion A Children under the age 6 have been exposed to an event involving real or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in at least one of the following ways: The child directly experienced the event.The child witnessed the event, but this does not include events that were seen on television, in movies, or some other form of media.The child learned about a traumatic event that happened to a caregiver. Criterion B The presence of at least one of the following intrusive symptoms that are associated with the traumatic event and began after the event occurred: Recurring, spontaneous, and intrusive upsetting memories of the traumatic event, which can be expressed through playRecurring and upsetting dreams about the eventFlashbacks or some other dissociative response where the child feels or acts as if the event were happening again, which can be expressed through playStrong and long-lasting emotional distress after being reminded of the event or after encountering trauma-related cuesStrong physical reactions, like increased heart rate or sweating, to trauma-related reminders Criterion C The child exhibits at least one of the following avoidance symptoms or changes in his or her thoughts and mood. These symptoms must begin or worsen after the experience of the traumatic event. Avoidance of or the attempted avoidance of activities, places, or reminders that bring up thoughts about the traumatic event.Avoidance of or the attempted avoidance of people, conversations, or interpersonal situations that serve as reminders of the traumatic event.More frequent negative emotional states, such as fear, shame, or sadnessIncreased lack of interest in activities that used to be meaningful or fun.Social withdrawalReduced expression of positive emotions Criterion D The child experiences at least one of the below changes in his or her arousal or reactivity, and these changes began or worsened after the traumatic event: Increased irritable behavior or angry outbursts. This may include extreme temper tantrums.Hypervigilance, which consists of being on guard all the time and unable to relaxExaggerated startle responseDifficulties concentratingProblems with sleeping In addition to the above criteria, these symptoms need to have lasted at least one month and result in considerable distress or difficulties in relationships or with school behavior. The symptoms also cannot be better attributed to ingestion of a substance or to some other medical condition. Signs and Symptoms It is important to keep in mind that not all children who experience trauma will go on to develop PTSD.?? Although there are specific clinical criteria that need to be met in order for a child to be accurately diagnosed with PTSD, there are a variety of things that parents, caregivers, and other adults can look for in children if they suspect that a child might be struggling. If you see any of the following, or additional behaviors or symptoms that seem out of the norm for your child and are not listed here, it can be worth checking in with them to see if talking with a trained professional could be helpful. Exhibiting unusual behaviors doesnt mean your child has PTSD, but its important to be aware of possible warning signs, especially if your child has recently faced trauma of some kind. Preschool Cry or scream a lotEat poorly or lose weight due to loss of appetiteExperience nightmares or night terrorsExtraordinary fear of being separated from their parent or caregiver School Age Have a hard time concentrating at schoolDifficulty sleepingâ€"insomnia or nightmaresFeelings of guilt or shameAnxious or fearful in a variety of situations Teens Eating disordered behaviorsSelf-harmFeeling depressed or aloneBegin abusing alcohol or drugsEngage in risky sexual behaviorMake impulsive dangerous decisionsIsolating behaviors College Students Inability to concentrateMissing classesPoor gradesDissociative tendenciesWithdraw from relationshipsTrouble sleepingHyper aware of location and surroundingsOn edge much of the timeNegative thoughts and emotionsAvoiding things they used to enjoy Risk Factors Traumatic events that were life-threatening or caused physical harm can be a risk factor that influences the development of PTSD. Events that involve interpersonal violence, such as a physical attack, sexual abuse, or rape, are more likely to influence someone experiencing PTSD after their trauma. Research has shown that between 30 percent and 40 percent of children who experience physical or sexual abuse will end up developing PTSD. Characteristics of the Child As with adults, it is more common for someone to develop PTSD after a traumatic event when they have already been through a previous traumatic event. The emotional impact of trauma can have a cumulative effect, so even if a child didnt demonstrate PTSD symptoms after a previous traumatic experience, it is more likely that they will experience PTSD with each subsequent trauma. Girls are two to three times more likely than boys to develop PTSD after trauma. Some researchers suggest that this difference is due to the likelihood of girls being exposed to a traumatic eventâ€"such as sexual abuseâ€"earlier and more often than boys. Other elements to explain this difference in the rate of PTSD between girls and boys is still being researched. Children and teens who have a previous diagnosis of a mood or anxiety related disorder are more likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic event than those with no prior mental health diagnosis. Family Dynamics There are some characteristics within the family that can be influential factors in a child or teen developing PTSD. For example, parent reactions to trauma can be a risk factor for children.?? There are times when the entire family has experienced the traumatic event together and the children witness their parents demonstrating symptoms of PTSD. Alternatively, there are times when only the child has experienced the traumatic event but the parent still develops symptoms of PTSD. Children and teens with greater social support have been shown to be less likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic event. Although social support primarily involves parents and caregivers, the benefits of social support can include teachers and peers as well. Since many people who struggle with PTSD tend to do so in isolation, the secure and safe connections with others can help minimize the lonely feelings and the opportunities to isolate. Responses to the Event The following cognitive and emotional responses to the traumatic event have been shown to influence the development of PTSD in children and teens: Anger about the eventRepetitive thinking about the event (ruminating)Avoidance and suppression of the trauma related thoughtsDissociation during or after the eventHigher heart rate at time of hospitalization if required due to injury during the event Tips for Parents and Caregivers Although we cannot always prevent our children from traumatic experiences, there are certain things that parents and caregivers can do to help their child find the support and resources they need to experience healing. Education Educating yourself on the signs and symptoms that can show up at various stages of development can be helpful. Often children do not want to open up about their experience due to feelings of guilt and shame. By noticing behaviors or symptoms that seem different or out of the norm for your child, you can create opportunities for children to open up about their experience. The safer a child feels to be free of judgment or criticism, the likelier they are to become more open about their experience and the struggles they are having. Finding Resources Take time to find resources. Many schools, from preschool programs to college campuses, can offer resources for students struggling with PTSD.?? If they dont offer the resources themselves, they can certainly help to connect you with appropriate programs in your area. Children sometimes dont understand what they need and are looking to adults to help guide the way. If you are uncertain where to begin, you can start with contacting the school or even speaking with your pediatrician or other healthcare provider. Treatment Keep an open mind about treatment. It is highly likely that your child will be encouraged to participate in counseling services as part of their treatment for PTSD. This can feel uncomfortable for parents and caregivers, especially if the child has not been in counseling before. Share concerns with the therapist and make sure to ask questions about what your child can expect in treatment and any ways that you can be of help. You may be asked to sit in and participate in sessions as well. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Medication Depending on the situation and the age of your child, medication may also be discussed as part of treatment.?? It is important that medications be monitored closely by the prescribing professional. Making sure that your child is taking their medication as scheduled, and sharing with you any adverse reactions or experiences as a result of taking the medication, is critical.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Essay on The Responsibility of Macbeth for his own Actions

In the Elizabethan Era, society was highly suspicious of the power of supernatural forces and it was commonly accepted that one’s life was governed by fate and was predetermined. Shakespeare’s Macbeth challenges the Elizabethan ideology of fate by privileging that although Macbeth was a victim of his â€Å"vaulting ambition† (1:VII 27), he was ultimately responsible for his villainous actions. Shakespeare has foregounded certain events to privilege that a person has free will and a concience and the cosequences of going against ones conscience, thus challenging the assumption of the Elizabethan Era. The audience is invited to sympathise with the protagonist, Macbeth, and see him as a tragic hero. Before his descent into evil, Macbeth†¦show more content†¦Macbeth then began a series of murders to retain his fruitless crown (3:I 67), â€Å"to be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus† (3:I 54). It was Macbeths latent ambition for power that cau sed his descent into evil. Shakespeare foregrounds that Macbeth was aware of and resposible for his actions, through conscience and free will, to illustrate that he was not a victim of supernatural forces. By doing this he is challeging the assumptions of the Elizabethan Era that supernatural forces and supernatural soliciting predetermine ones destiny. The hallucinations and ghostly apparitions are foreground not to illustrate supernatural interference, but to foreground Macbeth’s guilty conscience. Macbeth struggles with his conscience, this humanises him and invites the audience to relate to him. Even before Macbeth had committed murder, his conscience was causing him to have qualms. One example of this is in Act One Scene 7, before the regicide of Duncan. â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business. (Duncan) hath honoured me of late, and I have bought golden opinions from all sorts of people, which would be worn in their newest gloss, not cast aside so soon.† Macbeth was disincl ined to murder â€Å"gracious Duncan† as he believed him to be a â€Å"good king† (4:III 163), however he still made the decision to commit regicide. This foregrounds the internal struggle Macbeth endured with his conscience that makes him a tragic hero. Supernatural elements exist toShow MoreRelated MacBeth is Responsible for His Downfall Essay690 Words   |  3 PagesMacBeth is Responsible for His Downfall    There were many wrongs committed in MacBeth. But who should bear the major responsibility for these actions? The witches prophesising? Lady MacBeths scheming and persuasion? Or should MacBeth himself be held responsible? 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Firstly, we shall consider Lady Macbeth and Macbeth as they are the two who plannedRead MoreWho Is Responsible for Duncans Death?984 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Duncan s death is Macbeth. However this does not necessarily mean he is to blame, for his violent death is obviously the consequence of certain influences that forced Macbeth to perform his fatal deed. 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In Macbeth, brave and loyal Macbeth hears a prophecy about his fate from three witches; they refer to Macbeth as thane of Glamis, thane of Cawdor, and the future king. When he realizes that these prophecies are true, ambition and greed overcome Macbeth. Boosted by the prophecy and his wife’s encouragementRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1289 Words   |  6 Pages16, 2015 Macbeth Literary Essay In this 16th century, classic play about a man hungry for power by William Shakespeare there are many intense instances of symbolism used to demonstrate and prove Macbeth’s feelings and behaviour throughout the book. Good symbolism makes you feel what the character feels when reading a story. In the story, â€Å"Macbeth†, Macbeth is shown to be a sly and deceiving person who betrayed his kingdom for his own gain. Three important symbols used to show Macbeth s greedRead MoreWitches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeths Responsibility for Macbeth’s Downfall1490 Words   |  6 PagesWitches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeths Responsibility for Macbeth’s Downfall Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth shows the downfall of a wrongfully crowned king. But his downfall is not solely due to himself. There are other characters in the play that are part of his downfall. If it weren’t for them, the play would not work. They are part of a chain, one leading to another. The play would not have ended in the same manner, even if one of these characters hadn’t played their part

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Informative Speech on Diabetes Essay - 888 Words

Informative Speech Diabetes Specific Purpose: To give information about diabetes and the types. Introduction: There is something in the world that people are crazy for. It’s something that they just couldn’t live without and they always want more of it. That is the sweet taste of sugar. Although that sweet taste that everyone loves can’t be devoured by every person. The people that I am talking about is the people that are diabetics. Some diabetics can’t have any sugar or if they can have some it is very little. Imagine what you would do having to watching every little thing that you eat. That’s what diabetics have to do to survive. I am going to tell you about the different types of diabetes, how diabetics take cares of themselves,†¦show more content†¦A simple blood test to check blood glucose levels can show if you have any type of diabetes. D. EXPLAIN PANCREAS PICTURE II. Next I will tell you know how diabetics take care of there diabetes. A. There is a range that diabetes need to keep there blood glucose between which is also known as the normal range. In people that do not have diabetes the normal range is between 70 and 120. A blood glucose level goes up after eating but 1 or 2 hours later it should return to its normal levels. Although every diabetic is different, there glucose numbers still need to be close to a persons without diabetes. B. For a diabetic to manage their Juvenile diabetes they have to do numerous amounts of things. One being giving themselves insulin injects by a syringe. These injections are what keep their blood glucose in the normal range. This is not enough though, they also need to keep track of what they eat, being physically active and controlling blood pressure and cholesterol. C. Adult-onset diabetes is a little different. Treatment to manage Type 2 diabetes consists of taking diabetic medicines and sometimes injecti ons. Making wise food choices, being physically active are very important. Also controlling blood pressure and cholesterol. D. Go to explanation of the TESTER III. There are research facilities researching for a cure for diabetes and some have found some. A. The National Institutes of Health andShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech on DIabetes989 Words   |  4 PagesFormal Outline for Informative Speech Speech Title: Type 2 Diabetes Topic: How to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the two ways to prevent Type 2 Diabetes. Central Idea: In order to prevent Type 2 Diabetes one must stay fit and stay active. Introduction: 24 million. More than 24 million Americans in the United States alone have Diabetes. Of those, about 6 million don t even know it. According to the Diabetes Division of theRead MoreDiabetes- Informative Speech outline Essay892 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿INFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform audience of the signs you can look for and types of diabetes. 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Attention Getter: As young adults, many of us may feel immune from ailments typically associated with theRead MoreChildhood Obesitiy Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesInformative Speech 1 Outline Childhood Obesity Planning Block General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience of the importance of childhood obesity Central Idea: Childhood obesity is an epidemic that is sweeping across America and will continue to get worse unless the problem is faced head on. Introduction Hook: Introduce myself. Then start talking about the â€Å"Maury Povich† show when there are fat babies. Then talk about how they think it may be funny/cuteRead MoreEssay about Stages of Spinal Cord Injury Research1096 Words   |  5 Pages(THIS WAS AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH I DID FOR MY COM220 CLASS ON THE STAGES OF SPINAL CORD INJURY RESEARCH. IT ACTED AS AN INTRODUCTION TO MY PERSUASIVE SPEECH ON THE BENEFITS OF STEM CELL RESEARCH) There are about a quarter of a million people in the United States living with spinal cord injuries. In addition, between 7,600 and 10,000 new injuries occur each year. Nearly half of these new injuries will occur in young people between the ages of 16 and 30. As a person in this category, I have becomeRead MoreInformative Speech : Speech On Drinking Tea Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesQuyen Brendon Duc Nguyen Professor Nina Kotelyan Coms 151 1 March 2016 Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about tea Informative Speech Outline Introduction Attention getter: Ever heard of healthy water? Geez it already sounds disgusting, but actually it’s quite tasteful. This healthy water that I speak of, is tea. Drinking tea is one of the simplest things that can benefit your health. Thesis: Growing up, I have seen my grandparents and all the other adults in my family drink tea. So I haveRead MoreSpeech : Energy Drinks, Health Benefits, And Risks1051 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Outline Name: Jackson Lee Speech Title: Energy drinks, health benefits, and risks. Introduction Attention Getting Device: How many of you all drink energy by a raise of hands So a lot people, today in going to tell you the health factors that in valve drinking energy drinks. Thesis/Central Purpose (i.e. The purpose of my speech is to____________) The purpose of my speech today is to inform you the health benefits and negatives of drinking energy drinks. I am also going to

Air Traffic Control Free Essays

The National Airspace System of the U. S is one difficult system to work with today. It consists of thousands of people, procedures, facilities and equipment, which, enables for safe travel across the United States and over great portions of the world’s major oceans. We will write a custom essay sample on Air Traffic Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now The entire system consists upwards of about 5000 air traffic controllers, and over 10000 safety inspectors and technicians. All together, there’s about 41,000 facilities within the system and over 71,000 pieces of equipment like radar. Over 50000 flights use the NAS everyday. As one can see, the NAS is extremely important. One may ask what it has to do with NEXTGEN of which I am writing. NEXTGEN itself is a name given to a new NAS that will be implemented in stages around the U. S between the years of 2012 and 2025. The air transportation system around the U. S will be undergoing major transformations. What’s the point of the transformation the FAA is having the U. S going through? Mainly, it’s to reduce major gridlock not only in the air, but in the airports as well. The NEXTGEN has been undergoing its formation ever since 2003 by JDPO which was established by the U. S congress. Lately, the Air Transportation System of the U. S has been undergoing increasing stress. This will only lead to more costly delays of flights, and thus creating concerns of flight safety and then degrading even further the U. S ATS. Mainly, NEXTGEN is a transformation of the ENTIRE NAS, not only bits and pieces of it. It’s to meet any future demands and help avoid gridlock of traffic. NEXTGEN â€Å"moves away from legacy ground based technologies to new and more dynamic satellite-based technology. The new capabilities and the highly interdependent technologies aim to change the way that the system operates, reduce congestion, and improve passengers’ experiences. Throughout the paper the NEXTGEN will broken down and dissected until we know it through and through. The NEXTGEN consists of several different elements such as ADS-B, SWIM, NNEW and NVS. Starting with the ADS-B also known as automatic dependent surveillance broadcast. The ADS-B is going to use GPS to help pilots and ATC to separate planes and not only in th e sky, but on the ground as well. The GPS will paint a more accurate picture to see other planes in the area. The transponders in the aircrafts will receive the GPS signals and will thus use them to see the precise location of the aircraft. The data will then be broadcast to other aircraft and ATC, and for the first time will see a real time display of other traffic. Later on down the road the FAA will mandate what kinds of avionics are necessary to implement the ADS-B. The FAA will require that all aircraft will need to be equipped with it by no later than Jan 2020. The ADS-B is going to bring many new safety features in and out of the airplane. Within the aircraft, a pilot can bring up information about aircraft surrounding his, with details such as heading, speed etc. It will also show the pilot about terrain and any weather that may be headed his/her way, and what seems to be more importantly, it’s free. Next, the NEXTGEN consists of SWIM, System Wide Information Management. â€Å"SWIM will provide a single infrastructure and information management system to deliver high quality, timely data to many users and applications. † SWIM is going to rid NAS of any repetitiveness so the users may use the information more efficiently. It also allows for the information to become more easily accessible. Euro control first pitched the SWIM to the FAA 14 years ago, and since then, it’s been under development. However it’s not only a concept that’s going to be implemented within NEXTGEN, but Europe’s research facility is also trying to implement the same thing. The main improvement that SWIM will bring to NEXTGEN is it will create an increase in situational awareness, which, in the air, is important. How it’s possible is the fact that the information provided to all positions (ATC, pilots etc) is consistent. Next is the NNEW, Next Generation Enabled Weather. As earlier stated, NEXTGEN is used to help create less delays for flights, which thus cost money for the airlines. This element of NEXTGEN will help reduce the delays of airlines because of the fact that about 70 % of all delays are related to weather in some way. It’s predicted that NNEW will quite possible reduce the amount of weather related delays in half of what it already is. All the different ways a person can gather weather (weather towers, airborne, in space) will all be combined into one source and will update it every hour in real time. Like it has been seen, receiving common information is the key to improving the airlines’ performance and safety, and NNEW is no different. NNEW will give a common picture of weather across the nation making it easier for pilots to make the decision whether or not to fly at that particular point in time. More impressively, the NNEW is making to create not a 3-D picture, but a 4D weather data cube (lateral, vertical time dimensions). Not only will this create an increase in flight safety, but it will allow more planes to get off the ground because they thought the weather would be poor, thus increasing airspace capacity. Lastly, there’s the NVS, NAS voice switch. There’s plenty of voice switches within the NAS, in fact there’s over 17 different switches. With some being active for more than two decades, NVS is planning on making things a little bit easier all for the sake of performance by creating air/ground and ground/ground communications. The NVS is set to be put in place to help controllers that may be overworked in their areas particular â€Å"on† season. It will allow airspaces to be reconfigured due to workload of other airspaces. The catchy thing about all of this is, with these reconfigurations, they’re possible without an actual, physical movement of staff. A person from across the country can be assigned to airspace without moving anywhere. Also a change between analog to VOIP is also being considered before this is to be implemented. Simply put, NVS is just the new class of communication with airborne aircraft, replacing those out of date equipment. There, of course are many benefits to the NEXTGEN. Now, the pilot would be able to choose its direction of flight, which preferably it’s a direct flight, which goes to show that it will increase performance, and not need to necessarily follow the grid in the sky that exists today. Like never before, an airplane will receive precise location and time it and another aircraft are to cross paths along their route of flight, which will allow ample time to redirect itself as necessary. Also, the same information will be accessible to those on the ground, both pilots and air traffic managers, thus making the sky a much safer place to be in. As previously stated, weather related delays and emergencies will be avoided almost all together by giving precise information to pilots and air traffic managers via improved information sharing. NEXTGEN will improve surface movements at airports, because of this; as much of a separation isn’t needed, and that allows for more aircraft into a specific area. This will allow for a better management of flow into and out of busy airspace. Like stated on several occasions above, NEXTGEN is used to increase efficiency in the air, and with every element combined we will be able to better use our busiest of airports and make sure we’re getting their potential out of them. The USA and Europe are working together in what I like to call interoperability to get each other on the same page. As of October of 2010 the US and the European Authorities have reached a preliminary agreement on the integration of their respective Air Traffic Management improvements. Co-coordinating the two is one giant step towards the standardization of ATM. The USA and the European Union will pursue such a feat through the CAO. In my opinion, the integration of the two is not only essential, but it almost needs to be required, once aircraft leave US airspace, then it’s back to the old way of communicating. With the integration of the two, planes will be able to fly across the world or at least from the US to Europe without having many variances in communication. As this paper is drawn to a close, there’s one point that I feel needs to be brought up time and time again, and that’s flight safety. NEXTGEN with the combined efforts of Euro control, our skies are going to be incrementally made more efficient and safe at the same time. The information people read across our country and vast amounts of ocean will be uniform and consistent which is very important, because it will remove any confusion which is unsafe and not effective. NEXTGEN has a very bright looking future for ATM; it’s a 12 year span that will show a great deal of improvements in many areas for aviation. Bibliography * Derber, Alex. â€Å"Europe and USA Take Step towards ATM Interoperability. † Aviation News and Aviation Jobs from Flightglobal. Web. 05 May 2011. ;http://www. flightglobal. com/articles/2010/06/24/343582/europe-and-usa-take-step-towards-atm-interoperability. html * Wikipedia contributors. â€Å"National Airspace System Voice Switch. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 9 Jul. 2010. Web. 5 May. How to cite Air Traffic Control, Papers

Sunday, April 26, 2020

The Equal Protection Clause free essay sample

The equal protection clause limits American governments by ensuring that they do not discriminate against people based on their race, national origin, gender or other status. In the case of Plyler v. Doe, the Supreme Court struck down a law prohibiting state funding for children of illegal immigrants. The court stated, â€Å"The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution is not confined to the protection of citizens. † Governments cannot discriminate, even if the people in question are not citizens. However, the equal protection clause does only assert that, â€Å"no state shall†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As a result of this wording, the national government is not as rigorously limited by this clause. Yet, as the Supreme Court noted in the case Bolling v Sharpe, â€Å"Though the Fifth Amendment does not contain an equal protection clause, as does the Fourteenth Amendment which applies only to the States, the concepts of equal protection and due process are not mutually exclusive. We will write a custom essay sample on The Equal Protection Clause or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Therefore, in cases involving the national government, the equal protection clause does apply, just on the grounds of the Fifth Amendment. Private organizations are similarly not explicitly limited by the equal protection clause. As the Court stated in Burton v Wilmington Parking Authority, â€Å"private conduct abridging individual rights does no violence to the Equal Protection Clause unless†¦the State†¦has been found to have become involved in it. †. In the case Boy Scouts of America v Dale, the Supreme Court permitted the Boy Scouts to exclude James Dale from their organization on the grounds of his sexual orientation. This case was decided on the grounds of the First Amendment, as he Court determined that the inclusion of Dale in this organization would affect the organization’s right to freedom of speech and association. The Court stated, â€Å"†¦the Boy Scouts is an expressive association and that the forced inclusion of Dale would significantly affect its expression † Private organizations are typically protected under the First Amendment which takes precedence over the equal protection clause. The separate but equal doctrine was established by the Supreme Court in the landmark case Plessy v Ferguson. Plessy refused to ride in the railroad car specifically set aside for African-Americans, as established by Louisiana law. He argued that his equal protection guarantee had been violated. The Court ruled against Plessy. The Court stated, â€Å"requiring railway companies†¦to provide equal, but separate, accommodations for the white and colored races†¦are not in conflict with†¦the Fourteenth Amendment † This case was almost unanimously decided. Only Justice Harlan dissented stating, â€Å"The†¦separation of citizens on the basis of race†¦is a badge of servitude†¦inconsistent with†¦the equality before the law established by the Constitution † Harlan’s dissent and many other factors led to the separate but equal doctrine being abolished by the Supreme Court in the case Brown v Board of Education. The Brown family sued the Topeka, Kansas School Board for requiring their daughter to attend a black school an hour away when the nearest white school was infinitely closer to their home. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Browns, killing the separate but equal doctrine in education. Brown was decided on in such a way because, as the Court stated, â€Å"†¦in the field of public education, the doctrine of separate but equal has no place†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They further cited the detrimental psychological effects of segregation on school-age children. Brown was the culmination of several cases involving equal protection in education, one being the case Sweatt v Painter. In all of these previous cases, the Court skirted around the issue of equal protection. In Brown, the Court finally took a stance on segregation stating that their, â€Å"†¦disposition makes unnecessary any discussion whether†¦segregation†¦violates†¦the Fourteenth Amendment. † The question does arise, do classifications of different people, based on race, gender, orientation, religion, or disability, necessarily violate the equal protection clause? It is generally considered that such classifications do not violate the equal protection clause, because, for all intents and purposes, the clause is quite idealistic. As Professor Jasmine Parker states in her article From Slavery to Equal Protection, â€Å"†¦it is evident that the Fourteenth Amendment†¦continue to be controversial†¦due to its ambiguity. † As Professor Yoshino states of rational basis in his article The New Equal Protection, â€Å"†¦most laws create distinctions between groups†¦the courts simply cannot perform the Sisyphean task of†¦testing the fairness of every governmental distinction. † Levels of scrutiny allow the equal protection clause to uphold its main values but in a realistic way without which the equal protection clause would not be functional.