Sleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Health And Education

Introduction In our lives, we come in contact with all different genres of stress. Teens have homework, sports and friends to keep them busy while adults have their jobs, bills and much more stress. However, what if you could reduce some of that stress? One of the easiest and most effective method to rid yourself of stress is sleeping. Our body requires sleep to function. Without it, we cannot focus in class, our work is incomplete and unorganized and we become undesirable to be around. Using electronics before bed takes away our body’s natural ability to sleep. Which in turn, compromises our ability to function. With the growing popularity of electronics people are receiving less and less sleep. 95% of Americans use electronics before bed (â€Å"Dotinga†).A vast majority of those Americans are children between the ages of 13 and 18. This is detrimental to their health and education. 52% of all American teenagers suffer from a case of Insomnia, commonly known as sleep deprivation. Insomnia occurs when someone receives less than the required amount of sleep needed for the day. More than half of teenagers who use electronics find it hard to focus in class and often find themselves dosing off (â€Å"Bradford†).Insomnia can result in health problems as well, such as depression, strokes, A.D.D, and heartShow MoreRelatedOn Some School Nights, I Have A Rough Time Trying To Fall1052 Words   |  5 Pagesresulted by the lack of sleep, or sleep deprivation. Many more harmful problems can result from sleep deprivation, such as sleep disorders, difficulty driving, and physical and mental effects on students. In which case, students wouldn’t want sleep deprivation affecting their academic grades and education in school. Therefore, students in high school should be allowed to sleep for a longer period of time on school nights or else sleep deprivation will affect the students’ education and lifestyles in schoolRead MoreHealth Promotion An d Disease Prevention Program Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesthat you will definitely make up for the lost sleep tomorrow, but it never happens. Though you condemn the alarm, or school, your health is your own responsibility, and that includes sleep. Sleep health has received national attention, with various studies evaluating sleep patterns of the nation, determining the consequences of inadequate sleep, and designating goals to meet in the future. The healthy people program, which in 2010 determined sleep-health a significant topic, intends to improve thisRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreIntroduction. Sleep Deprivation Is A Condition That Many1349 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Sleep deprivation is a condition that many individuals have faced at some point in their life. The National Institute of Health categorizes sleep complications into two conditions known as sleep deprivation and sleep deficiency. According to the National Institute of Health an individual is experiencing sleep deprivation or deficiency if they haven t received the adequate amount of sleep or if they do not sleep well (National Institute of Health, 2007). An adult should receive approximatelyRead MoreAdolescent Sleep Deprivation: Causes, Effects, and Prevention1438 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent Sleep Deprivation: Causes, Effects, and Prevention Adolescent sleep deprivation is a common problem in today’s society, and it is also a very dangerous one. There have been numerous studies done to determine the causes of sleep deprivation in teenagers, the most prevalent being teens not getting enough sleep due to things like jobs and early school start times. There are many perceived dangers of this, such as sleepiness while driving and a risk for hypertension. There are a few waysRead MoreSleep And Academic Performance For Undergraduates : A Multi Measure, Multi Predictor Approach1244 Words   |  5 PagesA. Sleep effects cognitive domain in these areas: Thinking, learning, understanding, gaining knowledge, perceiving, ideas, beliefs, attitudes, identity formation, etc B. Study 1: i. Sleep and academic performance in undergraduates: A multi-measure, multi-predictor approach: ii. Sleep affects academic performance C. Summarize Study 1: i. Grades suffer based on sleep deprivation D. Study 1 Results: III. Body 2: Emotional domain A. Self esteem, pride, shame, sympathy, empathy, mental health, stressRead MoreLegal Implications Of Medical Malpractice1494 Words   |  6 Pagesmalpractice claims have been increasing and the reason cited in the claims were â€Å"medical errors that was precipitated by physician and nurse fatigue (MEDSURG Nursing, 2005). Additional studies suggest that a medical provider that averaged 5 hours or less of sleep are more likely to have a serious medical error that could result in he or she being named in a malpractice claim (Owens, 2007). Malpractice claims could potentially put a financial burden on healthcare organizations which could result in poor patientRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Academic Performance1430 Words   |  6 PagesSleep Deprivation and Academic Performance in Adolescents Sleep deprivation is an increasing issue with adolescents. Statistics show that 60% of high schoolers report extreme daytime sleepiness. 20% to 33% of those high schools report falling asleep in class at least once during the week. Daytime sleepiness is only a small issue about sleep deprivation in students. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts school performance adolescent students because it interferes with brain development, create moodRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Children Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Simmons once said, â€Å"There is no such thing as sleep deprivation, there is only caffeine deficiency.† College students everywhere have claimed this as their motto. From art majors who stay up late practicing charcoal and shading, to nursing majors who are stressing all night studying for their exams and practicums, to engineering majors who think a good night’s sleep is three or four hours, sleep has rarely been prioritised in college. Ps ychology Professors at the University of Hong Kong,Read MoreNightmares Becoming Reality : Sleep Paralysis850 Words   |  4 PagesThis is primarily what sleep paralysis is. People who have experienced sleep paralysis have said that it s a terrifying event to go through. Very few people actually experience this and the majority of the people that do have some kind of health issue that is related with sleeping. Sleep paralysis is when a person is awake and fully aware of their surroundings but theirs brain and body are still asleep so they cannot move or steak and are completely paralyzed. Also, during sleep paralysis people start

Economic Decisions Paper - 685 Words

How People Make Economic Decisions Paper Eco/212 September 28, 2010 Making Economic Decisions Economic decisions made by individuals can affect the economy. The principles of individual decision-making include people being rational, economic incentives, and optimal decisions made at the margin. Trading the three economic systems are market economy, centrally planned economy, and mixed economy. Each contains their own attributes on how they contribute to an economy. The current economic system in the United States is a mixed economy. Individual Decision-making People try to be rational. â€Å"It means that economists assume that consumers and firms use all available information as they act to achieve their goals. Rational†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Opportunity cost is the highest valued alternative that must be given up to engage in an activity† (Hubbard, amp; OBrien, 2010). In some respect, it is an individual’s marginal cost versus marginal benefit. Questions such as what is to be produced, how will it be produced, who is receiving the goods need to be answered. Types of Economies These questions are answered by different kind of economies. The general population drives market economies. Goods and services are in supply as much as they are in demand unless there is some sort of constraint. Government drives centrally planned economies as they dictate how much of a product and service are produced. These economies are usually run by dictatorships or communism. Last, there is mixed economy. The United States is a mixed economy as the general population runs the market demand and supply. However, the government regulates some products and goods. Government intervention has occurred recently after the British-Petroleum oilrig exploded off the shore of Louisiana. President Obama placed a ban on any further offshore drilling sites close to the coast. â€Å"Weve placed a six-month moratorium on drilling new deepwater oil and gas wells in the Outer Continental Shelf† (Obama, 2010). This may raise costs in oil products in the future becau se of a shorter supply. Summary Economic decisions come with an opportunity cost. Individuals needShow MoreRelatedQnt 561 Complete Class Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness and Economics o 2.37, 2.38, 2.44, 2.46, 2.54, 2.64, 2.68, 2.79, 2.85, 2.89, 2.93, 2.94, 2.106, and 2.108 †¢ Ch. 4 of Statistics for Business and Economics o 4.1, 4.12, 4.13, 4.21, 4.79, 4.80, 4.81, 4.89, 4.91, 4.106, and 4.124 Week 2 Individual Week Two Practice Problems Complete the following Week Two Practice Problems in MyStatLab ®: †¢ Ch. 4 of Statistics for Business and Economics o 4.156, 4.164, 4.169, and 4.172 †¢ Ch. 5 of Statistics for Business and Economics o 5.4, 5.8Read MoreTerms Comparison Paper Hcs 552839 Words   |  4 PagesTerms Comparison Paper HCS/552 February 4, 2013 John J. Schibler Terms Comparison Paper Health care economics involves making plenty of choices. Individuals, groups, businesses, and organizations choose how to use resources . Economics and health care are linked, because health care professionals apply economics in their everyday professional activities. They are able to do this through resource allocation. Any health care organization has to plan out how they will use theirRead MoreHow People Make Economic Decisions677 Words   |  3 PagesMake Economic Decisions Paper ECO/212 How People Make Economic Decisions The economic decision an individual, household, or even a firm makes has a major impact on the economy as a whole. These decisions affect the supply of a good or service, the demand of that good or service and ultimately the price of that good or service. This paper will focus on how individual decision making affects an economy, how understanding the marginal benefits from the marginal cost affects economic decisionsRead MoreParis Protocol960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Decision to Leave the Paris Agreement Will Hurt the US and the World D’Angelo, Elias. Global Climate Change: International Perspectives and Responses. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 2009. Elias D’Angelo’s book Global Climate Change: International Perspectives and Responses examines the global response to climate change. It provides a history of climate change, discusses perspectives of various nations and policies that have been implemented in order to reduce greenhouse gases, and the resultsRead MoreCan Contract Theory Explain Social Preferences?1425 Words   |  6 PagesContract Theory Explain Social Preferences? One of the revolutionary changes in the economic thinking is taking into account the effect of social preferences on economic activities. During the last two decades, experimental economics showed that, social preferences play an important role on the economic activities. For example, Knack and Keefer (1997) proved that, trust and civic duty have important contribution to economic growth. Also, Slemrood (2003) find out that, real per capita income is higher inRead MoreCrop Acreage Responses?968 Words   |  4 PagesCrop acreage responses are related to economic factors as well as climate variables. Every state has productivity differences due to climate variables like temperature and precipitation, as well as economic variables like input prices of and of crop output. Some states have a comparative advantage over other states in growing crops. This heterogeneity of climate makes some states good at producing crops that influence areas of planted crop acreage and yields. The literatu re suggested that climateRead MoreBusiness Strategy And Managing Changing Environmental Standards, Sustainable Business Initiatives And Global Market Conditions1596 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness are getting faster and excess of production with latest tools and techniques, the very same time issue of sustainability and Environment is a growing concern. The early 1990 saw a worldwide economic slowdown, from 1980 is to 1990s price reduction and falling profits were the problems faced by paper and pulp industry. Therefore, in order to counter the problems that were being faced; Management of USA and Scandinavia European countries with slightly difference of Methods and Technology and ResearchRead MoreEssay on Business Ethics and dilemma632 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Action Items 1. Review the assigned readings from the text and article by Carroll (1991). 2. Prepare a 3- to 5-page paper titled,  Corporate Social Responsibility. 3. Reflect upon your text readings from Chapters 1 and 9 with a focus on the following core concepts: Organizational Social Responsibility (Chapters 1 and 9) The Ethical Decision-making Process (Chapter 1) Corporate Reputation (Chapter 9) The Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid (Chapter 9) The Importance of Trust (Chapter 9) Read MoreEconomic Analysis of Title Ix1432 Words   |  6 Pages in fact, the benefits of Title IX outweigh the costs associated with its implementation, therefore supporting the continuation of the law. The benefits of this law come in the form of externalities. Some of these externalities include healthier decision making on part of the athletes, fewer health issues, higher graduation rates, and higher self-esteem (Grant et al, 2008, p. 418). These externalities benefit society as well as the universities. However, it seems that Title IX makes society moreRead MoreSolving Algorithmic Game Theory : The Price Of Anarchy1422 Words   |  6 PagesI will discuss my favorite topic regarding algorithmic game theory; the price of anarchy. I have to admit that the reasons this topic is my favorite are rather ridiculous; the name sounds really cool, and I like that the concept is also used in economics. Anyhow, the price of anarchy is a concept that mea sures how the efficiency of a system is ruined by the participants’ self-centered actions. (Koutsoupias and Papadimitriou, 1999) Essentially, this is the result of an inefficient set of equilibrium

Quantitative Methods Free Essays

Decision Science Management: Please show all your work with the problems in steps but NOT just answers. 22. Reiser Sports Products wants to determine the number of All-Pro (A) and College (C) footballs to produce in order to maximize profit over the next four-week planning horizon. We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative Methods or any similar topic only for you Order Now Constraints affecting the production quantities are the production capacities in three departments: cutting and dyeing; sewing; and inspection and packaging. For the four-week planning period, 340 hours of cutting and dyeing time, 420 hours of sewing time, and 200 hours of inspection and packaging time are available. All-Pro footballs provide of $5 per unit and College footballs provide a profit of $4 per unit. The linear programming model with production times expressed in minutes is as follows: Max 5A + 4C s. t. 12A + 6C 20,400 Cutting and dyeing 9A + 15C 25,200 Sewing 6A + 6C 12,000 Inspection and packaging A, C 0 A portion of the graphical solution to the Reiser problem is shown in Figure 2. 23 a. Shade the feasible region for this problem. b. Determine the coordinates of each extreme point and the corresponding profit. Which extreme point generates the highest profit? c. Draw the profit line corresponding to a profit of $4000. Move the profit line as far from the origin as you can in order to determine which extreme point will provide the optimal solution. Compare your answer with the approach you used in part (b). d. Which constraints are binding? Explain. e. Suppose that the values of the objective function coefficients are $4 for each All-Pro model produced and $5 for each College model. Use the graphical solution procedure to determine the new optimal solution and the corresponding value of profit. How to cite Quantitative Methods, Essay examples

Project Management and Activities Samples for Students †MyAssignmenth

Question: Discuss about the Project Management and Activities. Answer: Introduction Project Managementinvolves different activities such as planning, designing, risk management, controlling and implementation of the project. Project managers have to ensure that all the activities are completed in the stipulated time and budget (Alotaibi and Mafimisebi, 2016). But most of them fail to consider the importance of stakeholders management and communication. An effective communication plan includes methods to improve relations with target audiences, creating goals and objectives, setting priorities and managing communication tools. The aim of this paper is to understand the existing communication process in CHD (Community Health Department) and methods which can be adopted to improve their stakeholder communication. The different stakeholders include customers, employees, government, suppliers, sponsors, team members, media, community etc. Current project communication plan CHD has adopted a collaborative methodology in their project. It will allow them to understand their existing procedures and the requirements of the business. Their methodology process has three parts which consists of business process analysis, redesigning and defining the requirements (Heagney, 2016). It has helped CHD to understand the requirements of the business and where they stand. But they have failed to incorporate the needs and expectations of different stakeholders group. Apart from this, there communication plan is incomplete. The project manager has identified all the stakeholders and grouped them together. The communication tactics and tools have also been included in the plan. The methods of communication include telephonic conversation, meeting, emails and teleconferencing. Apart from this, the description of communication has been included in the plan which includes detailed communication, formal and informal communication. The existing plan lacks two main objectives which are measurement and setting priorities. The earlier project of CHD failed because their employees were resistant towards new technology. Furthermore, the management did not prioritize them. They should have been included in the decision making process and they should be allowed to put forth their opinions. It will help in employee engagement which reduces resistance from the employees. Apart from this, their communication plan does not have any measurement method. There should be a tool which can be used to assess the results of each stakeholder group and communication with them. Measurement of success can be used to understand the quality of relations between different members. CHD can employ internal expert which can help them to identify this aspect of communication process. There are many methods to ensures success of communication such as positive feedback, support from stakeholders, buy in, endorsements, financing etc. On the other hand, negative feedbacks and criticism shows absence of communication. CHD has to understand that they have to customize their communication plan according to their needs. They have to consider many aspects such as culture, funding, political environment, leadership etc. All these things are interconnected to each other and they should be considered in the communication plan. It will improve their information system and they will have better coordination with other entities. Comparison CHD has developed a communication plan which requires many changes. A soundproject management practices involves stakeholder communication plan. They can adopt this plan according to their financial and human resources. Communication planning framework involves sequential steps which will allow CHD to design and implement strategies in their project (Richard, Sorooshian and Shariman, 2016). The main steps of the communication plan are: Creating communication objectives and goals Designing key messages Setting priorities for the target audience or stakeholders Creating specific messages for each stakeholder group after identifying their needs Development of communication tools and tactics for each group Creating budgets and assigning responsibilities Creation of communication calendar (monthly or quarterly basis) Assessing the results and measurement The above mentioned steps take care of needs and expectations of each stakeholder group. The strategies and tactics for communication can be designed for each group specifically (Drouin, Sankaran and Muller, 2016). The main difference between the plan of CHD and sound communication planning is assessing the results. CHD has not been able to assess their results and they failed to understand the quality of relations they maintain with each member of the company. Recommendations They can change their existing plan which includes priority and measurement methods. It has been made with the help of SMART (Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timing) process (Badewi, 2016). Stakeholders Priority Issues or concerns Key messages Communication methods Description of specific communication Measurement Employees (including unions) 1 Proving information at regular intervals Progress of the project, roles, responsibilities and expectations from them. Emails, telephone, meetings. Detailed, formal feedback Contractors 3 Details about project About contracts Emails, telephone, meetings. Feedback support Client 1 Progress and other issues Progress Emails, telephone, meetings. Detailed, formal Feedback support Management 2 Progress, status and other issues Progress, status and other issues Emails, telephone, meetings. Detailed, formal Support Sponsor 1 Development of project and activities related to it Progress Meetings. Detailed, formal Support Team members 2 Proving information at regular intervals Roles responsibilities Emails, telephone, meetings. Detailed, formal Support Suppliers 3 Materials required About materials required Emails, telephone, meetings. Feedback support Govt 3 Benefits of the project Emails, telephone, meetings. Detailed, formal Feedback support Society 2 Benefits of the project Conferences and advertisements Less details Feedback support Media 4 Public safety and improvements Conferences and advertisements Less details Feedback support The above table consists of all the details as well as priorities. CHD can use priorities in their decision making process. Apart from this, they can also measure the quality of relation they have with each group of stakeholders. They can use it to make changes in existing strategies which will help them to establish better relations with all the members of the company (Banihashemi, Hosseini, Golizadeh and Sankaran, 2017). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above report that communication plan is essential for the success of the project. CHD has adopted an effective stakeholder management plan but they failed to identify their needs and priorities in the business. The strategies and tactics for communication can be designed for each group specifically. Effective communication plan involves assessing the results which can be included in the plan. References Alotaibi, A.B. and Mafimisebi, O.P., 2016.Project Management Practice: Redefining Theoretical Challenges in the 21st Century. Project Management, 7(1). Badewi, A., 2016. The impact of project management (PM) and benefits management (BM) practices on project success: Towards developing a project benefits governance framework. International Journal of Project Management, 34(4), pp.761-778. Banihashemi, S., Hosseini, M.R., Golizadeh, H. and Sankaran, S., 2017. Critical success factors (CSFs) for integration of sustainability into construction project management practices in developing countries. International Journal of Project Management. Drouin, N., Sankaran, S. and Muller, R., 2016. The nature of organizational project management and its role as an organizational capability. Manageable Cooperation?. Heagney, J., 2016. Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Richard, H.A., Sorooshian, S. and Shariman, M., 2016. Lean Construction: An Effective Approach for Project Management.

Bessie smith biography free essay sample

Bessie Smith was born In Chattanooga, Tennessee in April 15, 1894. She was the most popular female blues singer known as The Empress of the Blues. She started her career by singing in tent shows in 1912, alongside another blues specialist Ma Rained. Bessie influenced other singers including Earth Franklin, Nina Simons, Frank Sinatra, Billie Holiday, Dinah Washington and Janis Joplin. Bessie Smith was married to jack Gee on June 7, 1923. She made her first record with Columbia records Downhearted Blues in 1923. It was a hit selling 780,000 copies. It was the best selling blues record to date.Between 1923 and 1931, Smith recorded 160 songs for Columbia. Throughout the sasss, she recorded with many famous musicians, including Fletcher Henderson and members of his band, and the pianist James P. Johnson, with whom she recorded her masterpiece Backwater Blues. In addition to recording blues, Smith traveled around the South America with her own show, which was wildly popular, In 1929, smith made her film appearance, In SST. We will write a custom essay sample on Bessie smith biography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Louis Blues. In the film, she sings the title song with members of Fletcher Henderson orchestra, the Hall Johnson Choir, pianistJames P. Johnson. Smiths marriage to gee ended in 1929; Columbia records ended its nine-year contract with her. In 1937 she was killed in a car accident In Tennessee. Bessie Smith died on September 26th, 1937. 5 Most well-known songs: Down Hearted Blues SST. Louis Blues Backwater Blues Gulf coast Blues Nobody Knows you when youre down and out Backwater Blues: 12 bar blues chord structure relaxed style. Smith has a laid-back, Smith frequently slides Into and out of notes (sliding in the vocals) The piano is responding to smiths melodic line. A lot of repetitionIn the 4th chorus the left hand is descending and low chords are played by the right hand. The tune changes. Smith remains in the same melody. The 5th chorus the piano sounds more march-like. Bessie Smith adds variation to certain pitches. Element of Improvisation Sad lyrics, slow tempo, steady beat, call and response In my opinion Bessie Smith has very strong and powerful vocal skills. I Like the way the pianist accompaniment style frequently changes during different verses of the song, he also tries to depict the meaning of the lyrics while playing. Bessie smith biography By troubleBessie Smith was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee in April 15, 1894. She was the most to Jack Gee on June 7, 1923. Masterpiece Backwater Blues. In addition to recording blues, Smith traveled around the South America with her own show, which was wildly popular. In 1929, Smith made her film appearance, in SST. Louis Blues. In the film, she sings the title nine-year contract with her. In 1937 she was killed in a car accident in Tennessee. Smith frequently slides into and out of notes (sliding in the vocals) The piano is Element of improvisation In my opinion Bessie Smith has very strong and powerful vocal skills.

5 Ways to Work Your Way Around the Weak With

5 Ways to Work Your Way Around the Weak With 5 Ways to Work Your Way Around the Weak â€Å"With† 5 Ways to Work Your Way Around the Weak â€Å"With† By Mark Nichol The preposition with is one of the workhorses of the English language, performing multiple functions, but it’s not a very powerful beast of burden. Writers often put it to work at the wrong task, employing it to link one phrase or another when a stronger word or phrase, or a form of punctuation, is much more structurally sound. Here are five examples of sentences better expressed without with: 1. â€Å"Requirements concerning the marital status of adopting couples are not uniform, with a stable relationship being required in most cases.† Omit with, split the sentence into two, and add, to signal contrast, the conjunction however: â€Å"Requirements concerning the marital status of adopting couples are not uniform. A stable relationship, however, is required in most cases. 2. â€Å"Governance by committee is the norm, with 67 percent of large companies having committees of senior business leaders that oversee and prioritize information-technology investments.† If what follows with is a definition or expansion, use a colon in its place: â€Å"Governance by committee is the norm: 67 percent of large companies have committees of senior business leaders that oversee and prioritize information-technology investments.† 3. â€Å"The debate largely focused on the wisdom of the Iraq invasion with Kerry attacking Bush’s decisions and Bush accusing Kerry of shifting views.† As is, this sentence is clumsily breathless, but rather than simply inserting a missing comma after invasion, try a semicolon instead and delete with: â€Å"The debate largely focused on the wisdom of the Iraq invasion; Kerry attacked Bush’s decisions, and Bush accused Kerry of shifting views.† 4. â€Å"Each year, more than 1 million children are poisoned in their own homes, with thousands receiving permanent or chronic injuries.† Make the sentence a simple compound by replacing with with and, and alter the following subject and verb as necessary: â€Å"Each year, more than 1 million children are poisoned in their own homes, and thousands of them receive permanent or chronic injuries.† 5. â€Å"Most Fortune 500 companies have hundreds of incidents per year, with only a small percentage of those incidents resulting in significant financial loss.† Select, in place of with, another conjunction that is appropriate for the context, and change the form of the subsequent verb: â€Å"Most Fortune 500 companies have hundreds of incidents per year, although only a small percentage of those incidents result in significant financial loss.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsLoan, Lend, Loaned, Lent50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 65

Summary - Essay Example The weak defense of the Empire led to the decline of the nation’s central government and the nation started losing to their own official in various provinces. The government had firm control over provinces such as Iraq and Anatolia but they lost grip over provinces including: Greece, Egypt and Balkan. Napoleon of the French military started invading the empire and taking over one province after the other but his efforts failed. Taking advantage of the weak local government, General Muhammad Ali a local was able to seize control of Egypt, Anatolia and Syria; Egypt was a very loss for the Island. Later British forces played a major role to save the island as the British expected that influence of the Russians will elevate if the empire falls. Ottoman Island even experienced economic competition from the European dominance in the area of textile and finished goods sector as they were able to supply goods from these sector at very inexpensive prices. The local artisans and craftsmen experienced fierce competition from European business individuals. During the 19th century, the empire became dependant on Europe for finances and the economic growth and development became heavily dependent on loans offered by European nations. The empire had to repay heavy amounts in face of interest on loan and soon it even lost the ability to repay interest and they had to accept the administration of the Europe. Another major reason of the fall of the Island was the capitulations (AÃŒ goston, 119). Capitulations refers to agreements between the empire and European influence which exempted visitors from Europe from the rules and regulations made by the empire and this even gave the Europeans to exercise their own rules and regulations over the locals. The Europeans manipulated these capitulations to penetrate in the economic side of the empire

Oedipus Rex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oedipus Rex - Essay Example However, since he was predestined, one can argue that it was meant to happen, thus he was never guilty. As in the play, we see that there is freewill. It could be noted that Oedipus could pass the fight off when he was hit by the chariot instead of killing the man (who happened to be his father) but there was still the factor of predestination. He was meant to kill the King and was meant to marry his mother. There are options in which he can actually escape his fate but can’t because, you can’t escape fate. His sins two greatest sins are killing his father and marrying his mother. In present times, that is called parricide and incest. As far as we are concerned, he was provoked by the man in the chariot so that his actions can be named as defensive, even if he killed his father. The man also did not know that he hit his son and turned aggressive. So even if parricide was done, Oedipus is still innocent because it can be said that he is doing self defense. He is also inn ocent when he married his mother because he did not know that it was his mother! He was adopted and he did not know who his real parents were. If this were to happen these times, it would have to be socially sanctioned too, but not to the point where they would self-mutilate themselves (Oedipus blinding himself) or commit suicide because of humiliation.

New London Airport Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New London Airport - Research Proposal Example In UK the latest government forecasts predict a 239% change on 1995 by 2015 of the terminal passenger numbers. I t shows a requirement equivalent of an extra 3 -4 airports the size of Heathrow. The country needs to follow the sustainable development policy of its own and of EU. The required framework of aviation should reduce impact, increase growth and protect environment. (DETR 1997 as cited inWhitelegg 2000). A few recommendation suggested are: putting an environment charge based on emissions, ending of all subsidies and tax exemptions and more stringent noise and emission standards.(Whitelegg 2000) Environmental data and criteria: The London mayor is particularly optimistic about environmental safety by moving airport into the Thames estuary. It would cut noise since planes could approach the airport over the North Sea. Moreover, the Heathrow expansion would put pressure on the dense west London while there is alternative to the east. The noise has been the complaint of many residents and the levels of global warming emission gases have gone beyond EU and Environmental Agency norms (Katz 2008). Ben Stewart of Greenpeace argues that increase in number of flights from a four runway would negate the environmental benefits. He feels that new runways are new runways and we should rather think about bringing emission down by funding for railways and other low carbon emission transports. (Murray 2008). Unite, Britain's biggest union feels that Thames is not the best place due to tidal and storm surges, which can increase sea level by several metres. The noise would not be solved when airport is moved, it will only shift to another area. The resort towns of North Kent and South Essex would suffer the noise pollution instead of the population of west London. The area is also a bird sanctuary raising the worries of bird strikes causing aircraft engines and windscreens to fail (PR News, 2008).The environmental data must clearly indicate levels of CO, SO2, NOX, O3, Particulate Matter and Lead generated and their effects on coastal resources, fish and wild life, wading birds. The scientific study must also provide data on light emission and visual impacts on people around airport (Halcrow group 2003). In the light of these suggestions and protests the data needed by the minister for environment are : NOISE: The noise damages health and quality of life. It can cause sleep disturbances, psychological and mental disturbances, annoyance and can make one hearing impaired ( WHO 1993 as cited in Whitelegg 2000). The idea of new airport into Thames estuary is attractive to some planners because planes could fly over the North Sea, alleviating concerns about noise pollution and allowing it to operate 24 hours a day (Katz 2008). How many are already living in the 57Decibel or higher (for a restful life it is upto 55dB) contour of noise and how many more would be added in coming years. This aspect seems in favour of Thames estuary airport as zero population would be added by 2015. While expansion of Heathrow may add another 107000, Stansted 3000 and at Gatwick a further addition of 9000, who would be living in this noise contour if further expansion of the later three airports is allowed . Expansion of Heathr

Limitations of ERP

Limitations of ERP ERP systems have emerged as one of the latest that organizations are using to meet the needs of a global market. Many companies hope that these systems will help leapfrog to the next level but ERP systems are fraught with limitations that can prove difficult to manage. This paper tries to analyze some of the limitations and provides directions that will help overcome the same Introduction In todays increasingly competitive world where the world is converging into a single market place, organizations are looking for ways to become globally competitive. Companies must be able to meet customer requirements in the shortest possible time faster than competition and this requires extensive production planning and close coordination between the company and its suppliers and customers. MRP (Materials Requirement Planning) was one of the most widely used systems for production planning but its main focus was only on managing the production requirements in an organization. MRP systems helped in time phase release of production orders and aggregating planning for material requirements. With time, companies realized that there needed to be an integration of all the functions in an organization and this lead to the development of ERP (Enterprise resource planning) systems. Dr. Suresh Subramoniam et.al [1] defines ERP as ERP is an Enterprise wide system that facilitates integrated and real-time planning, production and customer response. ERP has multilingual capability, multi-currency handling ability, and can recognize legal and tax reporting needs of various nations across the world. Traditionally, each department of an organization uses a software application of its own and the interaction between these systems is very limited. Thus there is no way of generating consolidated information that is accessible to the entire company. ERP systems were created to address this issue by treating the entire organization as a single enterprise and making information available to all the departments as and when needed. Many companies across the world have either implemented or are in the process of implementing ERP systems across their organizations with the intention of making their businesses globally competitive. Despite their best intentions, there are widespread instances where ERP systems have failed to live up to their expectations and have even lead to the demise of companies. Some companies have been able to absorb these losses (Hersheys, Whirlpool, Nestle, IBM, Apple, etc.) but most havent. Even those companies that have successfully implemented ERP have found it difficult to realize the true potential of the system. A few findings as reported by Panorama consulting in their 2010 ERP Report are as follows: Close to 57% of the ERP implementations take longer than expected About 54% of ERP implementations cost more than expected Most ERP implementations under-deliver business value (Fig 1) Companies do not effectively manage the organizational changes of ERP Limitations of ERP Limited to the four walls of the company ERP is an evolution of MRP which was solely focused on manufacturing and materials planning. ERP systems were designed to manage more functions of enterprises thus integrating all business management functions, including planning, inventory and materials management, engineering, order processing, manufacturing, purchasing, accounting and finance, human resources, etc. Though considered as a revolution during its time, ERP did not take into account any of the external relationships that a company had as enterprises were run as independent entities during those times. Within an organization the system was able to support all functions but was unable to handle the various interactions that the enterprise had with its suppliers and customers. Conventional ERP helped automate individual departments but did not integrate its back-office benefits into the front-office to help businesses manage people, workloads and supply-chain issues; it could not establish consistent control of all the processes of the business Even within the organization, some of the difficulties faced by managers were Only the current status could be accessed, such as open orders. But managers often need to look beyond the current status to find trends and patterns for better decision-making. The data in the ERP application was not integrated with other enterprise systems and did not include external intelligence. ERP systems could not meet all of the analytical and reporting needs of organizations. ERP systems are generally very expensive to install. They call for voluminous and exorbitant investments in terms of time and money without guaranteeing the said benefits. The time taken for an organization to migrate to an ERP system is quite substantial. Extensive training has to be provided at the expense of existing working hours which can also result in a loss of business during the transition period. Apart from the installation costs, companies also charge annual maintenance and renewal costs. These costs put together may not justify the implementation of ERP systems especially for companies that are smaller in scale Since each business has different needs there has to be a level of customization to ensure that the all the factors relevant to the industry are considered. This may call for changing the ERP software structure to match the business workflow which is generally not allowed by the software vendors. ERP systems are built as per industry standards and when company wants to implement the system, it may have to change its way of functioning to match these standards. This can either be beneficial or can lead to the business loosing its competitive advantage Some companies have relatively simple operations and the use of ERP may complicate the existing setup thus leading to an over-engineering as compared to customers needs The biggest advantage of ERP is its ability to provide an information across the organization. There are instances where departments are unwilling to share information due to reasons best known to them thus reducing the effectiveness of the ERP system Many companies run on legacy systems and implementing ERP results in compatibility problems across departments. Conversion of these legacy systems into modern ones in itself results in huge cost overruns The easy availability of information also raises the question of security and privacy. Access to the various functionalities has to be carefully regulated to prevent unauthorized access and information theft. The time frame to realize the full benefits of a successful ERP implementation is longer that most companies would have initially expected. There would be a dip in the performance immediately after it goes live as employees take time to adjust to the new systems. With time, there will be changes in the requirements of the organization. Since the ERP system would be customized during the installation phase, there would be a limit to which the system can be scalable. Like for example, if a company wishes to add more fields to a data recording system there may be a pre set limits for the same. In order to overcome this, companies would have to pay the vendor an extra fee for such future upgrades Ongoing support After the implementation, companies would require constant support. The technical support provided by the software vendors maybe insufficient if the ERP systems encounter some major issue Overcoming the Limitations ERP as discussed before is a very comprehensive when it comes to handling the transactions within an enterprise but fails when there is an interaction with systems external to the organization. To overcome this, the concept of ERP II has been developed which integrates the ERP systems of an enterprise with that of the suppliers and event the customers. Using Enabling Technologies ERP can be considered as the backbone of an enterprises applications, but successfully handling the complexities of modern business will depend on a companys ability to share information promptly, securely, and effectively with customers, partners and suppliers. Organizations must seamlessly integrate their supply and value chains. The figure below shows the enabling technologies that will help organizations achieve the same Companies should constantly work towards integrating new technologies with their existing ERP systems. ERP systems are expensive to implement, but if they are not constantly updated they tend to get obsolete and may result in lost opportunities in terms of meeting customer needs. ERP is the central or the core component around which the various technologies are integrated, and these combine to enable an organization automate most of its processes. The technologies that will enable companies to do business at Internet speed when integrated with the ERP system are Business Intelligence (BI), Data Warehousing, Data Mining, On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). A case in point is AM machines which is a world leader in the design manufacture, and support of automobile engines and power systems. The market demand for this industry is to develop high performance components at lowest cost. AM was one of the first organizations to use an ERP system to improve the efficiency of its manufacturing process systems. The ERP systems so developed were used across various functions such as finance, quality management, plant maintenance, materials management, controlling, program management, logistics, accounting, and sales and distribution transactions. Even though the ERP solution replaced a number of disparate legacy systems and provided a common ground to pull a lot of business functions together, the manual processes for managing large volumes of unstructured content (information such as digital photos, scanned images, and CAD drawings, not easily managed by any ERP system) still remained. To overcome this difficulty, AM realized that it needed to complement its ERP solution with a Product Data Management (PDM) solution. PDM is the use of software or other tools to track and control data related to a particular product. The data tracked usually involves the technical specifications of the product, specifications for manufacture and development, and the types of materials that will be required to produce goods. The PDM system integrated the document repository and ERP applications, empowering ERP users to collect, securely store, find, link, and easily retrieve the required documents. Retaining Customers Traditional ERP packages generally include functions that are required for Sales Force Automation (SFA) and other call center operations but not on personalizing customers experiences. In todays times the focus of companies is retaining customers and after a given point, ERP systems fail in contributing to this objective. ERP implementations leave many companies saddled with massive, isolated systems containing vital customer, product, or service data. These systems lack the functionality needed to optimize customer-facing operations. The solution is to integrate a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system with the ERP system. CRM is not just a software application or a database that is used to store customer information, it is an effort taken by the company to continuously improve the relationship it has with its customers. Automated CRM processes are used to generate personalized marketing and customer care based on the customer information stored in the system. Integrating the CRM and ERP systems makes customer information available across the organization. One of the immediate benefits would be in improving the ability of companies to deliver personalized services to their customers based on information that has been stored previously. CRM systems also help companies in launching targeted promotional campaigns and also in informing customers about new product launches based on their previous usage patterns. The call center operations are also improved as preferential treatment can be provided using past data. Understanding the importance of information When companies are competing for one another more or less in the same markets, just having information from within the organization would not be sufficient. Organizations must thus have information from the external environment to modify their business decisions accordingly. Knowing the external factors such as changes in the business environment, customer preferences and trends, new rules and regulations, competitor strategy, market trends, etc. are more important. This information is critical for survival and is more difficult to get when compared to the internal information. Another important factor is the manner in which companies manage historical information. As companies grow older, they collect a gold mine of information that can provide valuable insights regarding demand, customer demographics, customer preferences, etc. The challenge faced by enterprises today is to avoid information overload by intelligently selecting available data and presenting it in a way that is intuitively meaningful. Business and Competitive Intelligence Business Intelligence was term coined by the Gartner group in a report as early as 1996. It can be said that Business intelligence (BI) is a broad category of applications and technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help enterprise users make better business decisions. BI applications include the activities ofÂÂ  decision support systems, query and reporting, online analytical processing (OLAP), statistical analysis, forecasting, andÂÂ  data mining. Using the existing data warehouses as a foundation and then building upon them using BI helps organizations predict the future in terms of trends, preferences and market variations. A data warehouse organizes ERP data so that it is easily accessible for online analysis. Business intelligence systems improve business competitiveness by providing reporting and analysis tools to the desktop, enabling communication with the entire supply chain via the Web thus automating alerts and actions. Competitive intelligence (CI) is a branch of BI which deals with managing the hyper-competitive environments that are a part and parcel of todays markets. CI gathers information that helps organizations formulate strategies to beat competition and assists decision-makers predict future trends and take smart decisions. Arik R. Johnson Managing Director of the CI consultancy Aurora WDC, describes CI as CI is the purposeful and coordinatedÂÂ  monitoringÂÂ  of your competitor(s), wherever and whoever they may be, within a specificÂÂ  marketplace Your competitors are those firms which you considerÂÂ  rivalsÂÂ  in business, and with whom you compete forÂÂ  market share. CI also has to do with determining what your business rivals WILL DOÂÂ  beforeÂÂ  they do it. Strategically, there is a need to gainÂÂ  fore knowledgeÂÂ  of your competitors plans and to plan your business strategy to countervail their plans. This will involve many methods at the tacticalÂÂ  collectionÂÂ  level, but it will also requireÂÂ  integrationÂÂ  into your existing information infrastructure,ÂÂ  analysisÂÂ  andÂÂ  distributionÂÂ  of the information, and finally, the calculation of business decisionsÂÂ  on the grounds of that information and the analysis of same. This is the intelligence part of the formula. Valuable in its own right, ERP information becomes even more valuable when it is combined with information from other sources. A BI system allows this. For example, a marketing manager might want to combine sales information from the ERP system with consumer demographics from A. C. Nielsen or business demographics from Dun Bradstreet. With this information, the company can better segment its customers and improve customer relationship management. An automobile manufacturer for instance, can combine its internal ERP data with external databases to identify customers likely to be receptive to advertisements for a sports car, sedan, van or sports vehicle. Similarly the purchasing department of a computer manufacturer might combine its ERP data with external data about sales forecasts for microprocessors. With this information, the purchase department can react to rising demand by consolidating all purchases stored in memory to obtain a better price from a single supplier Businesses can thus optimize their investment in ERP systems by closing the loop between the BI system and the ERP system. The loop begins when the company discovers valuable business information from the ERP system; it closes when the company feeds those discoveries back into the ERP system to continually improve business processes. The reports generated by traditional ERP systems provide only a fraction of the useful information in the system. Using data warehousing and BI overcomes this limitation and unlocks the true potential of an ERP system. Leveraging on the Internet The true value of an ERP investment results from integrating the ERP system not only with a business intelligence front end, but also with the Internet. When a Web-based interface is provided to the information in the business intelligence system, the Internet becomes an enterprise information utility for employees, partners, suppliers and customers. An early application for integrating ERP business intelligence with the Internet is supply chain management. All participants like engineering and product design, vendors and suppliers, production, marketing, distributors and customers can get the information at real time, from wherever they want it, like they want it over the internet. This enables for example, the marketing people to provide customers with the latest product details and pricing information. Inventory management can be done based on real-time information, production can be fine tuned so that the right quantities are produced, as and when required. The suppliers and partners in turn, can share the information with their suppliers. Product designers, both for manufacturing and service companies, can capture customer information in real-time, refining their products for greater market appeal or customizing them for key customers. By adding a Web-based interface to the ERP business intelligence, the supply chain can be integrated thus speeding time to market and gaining manufacturing efficiencies. Role of CIO The CIO plays a pivotal role in the implementation of an ERP system in an organization. In most cases the CIO is appointed as the process owner for the implementation as the CEO would be in charge of the core operations of the business. The CEO and upper management would be involved in the pre implementation phase and would play a major role in the selection of the ERP vendor, external consultants and the implementation team members. The CIO would be in charge of the implementation and in ensuring that the project is on schedule as per the requirements agreed upon. Apart from the implementation, the CIO should also ensure that all the end users are provided with sufficient training and education to ensure that the full benefit of the system is exploited. Most of the employees are generally apprehensive of ERP systems fearing the change it brings about and the impact it will have on their jobs. The CIO should put to rest such fears through effective communication, constant updates and sharing details of the future plans after ERP implementation. The CIO should ensure that knowledge transfer happens from the external consultants and ERP vendor representatives to the employees before they leave. There should be enough trained employees within the company who are capable of handling the system to ensure its smooth functioning. The CIO thus plays an important role in successfully managing the transition to ERP systems and ensuring that the full potential of the ERP system is utilized after implementation. Conclusion World class competition, modern business environment and the availability of the Internet are the premises which stress the need for ERP. These systems are effective in integrating the different functions across an organization but should not be used in isolation especially during current times. Many ERP implementations end up as failures and the ones successfully implemented face limitations of their own as mentioned. This should not dissuade companies from implementing ERP systems as the benefits of a successful implementation outweigh the limitations. Organizations should now graduate to the next level of ERP systems that are termed as ERP II which integrate the organization and the members across the value chain with the help of enabling technologies. A sound management with clear focus, long term vision and well defined achievable targets set from ERP systems will help overcome the limitations of these systems

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

George Orwell's novel Animal Farm does an excellent job of drawing parallels from the situation leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Animal Farm is a satire that uses its characters to symbolize leaders of the Russian Revolution. The animals of "Manor Farm", the setting of this novel, which symbolizes Russia, overthrow their human master after years of mistreatment. Led by the pigs, the farm animals continue to do their work, only with more pride, knowing that they are working for themselves, as opposed to working for their human master, Farmer Jones. Slowly over time the pigs gain power and take advantage of the other animals. They gain so much power that they become just as power hungry and corrupt as their human master. The theme in the novel being that in every society there are leaders who will, if given the chance, likely abuse their position. Old Major is a prize white boar who helps point out to the animals that no animal in England is free. He continues to tell the animals that the their labor is stolen by man, who benefits alone. The animals in return get near nothing, just enough to keep them away from starvation. Old Major gave many speeches to the farm animals about hope and the future. He is the main animal who got the rebellion started even though he died before it actually began. Old Major's role compares to Lenin and Marx whose ideas would spark the communist revolution. Lenin became the leader and teacher of the working class in Russia, and their determination to struggle against capitalism. Like Old Major, Lenin and Marx wrote essays and gave speeches to the working class poor. The working class in Russia, as compared with the barnyard animals in Animal Farm, were a laboring class of people that received low wages for their work. Old major tells the animals that the source of the problem is man, they must overthrow man to abolish tyranny and hunger. Soon Old Major does die, but his words still echo in the hearts of all the animals. With the leadership of the pigs, the smartest animals, they repel against the human and gain complete control of the farm. This would symbolize the Russian Revolution. Another parallel represented in the book is Farmer Jones. His character is similar to the politician Czar Nicholas who treated his people similar to how Farmer Jones treated his animals. Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays George Orwell's novel Animal Farm does an excellent job of drawing parallels from the situation leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Animal Farm is a satire that uses its characters to symbolize leaders of the Russian Revolution. The animals of "Manor Farm", the setting of this novel, which symbolizes Russia, overthrow their human master after years of mistreatment. Led by the pigs, the farm animals continue to do their work, only with more pride, knowing that they are working for themselves, as opposed to working for their human master, Farmer Jones. Slowly over time the pigs gain power and take advantage of the other animals. They gain so much power that they become just as power hungry and corrupt as their human master. The theme in the novel being that in every society there are leaders who will, if given the chance, likely abuse their position. Old Major is a prize white boar who helps point out to the animals that no animal in England is free. He continues to tell the animals that the their labor is stolen by man, who benefits alone. The animals in return get near nothing, just enough to keep them away from starvation. Old Major gave many speeches to the farm animals about hope and the future. He is the main animal who got the rebellion started even though he died before it actually began. Old Major's role compares to Lenin and Marx whose ideas would spark the communist revolution. Lenin became the leader and teacher of the working class in Russia, and their determination to struggle against capitalism. Like Old Major, Lenin and Marx wrote essays and gave speeches to the working class poor. The working class in Russia, as compared with the barnyard animals in Animal Farm, were a laboring class of people that received low wages for their work. Old major tells the animals that the source of the problem is man, they must overthrow man to abolish tyranny and hunger. Soon Old Major does die, but his words still echo in the hearts of all the animals. With the leadership of the pigs, the smartest animals, they repel against the human and gain complete control of the farm. This would symbolize the Russian Revolution. Another parallel represented in the book is Farmer Jones. His character is similar to the politician Czar Nicholas who treated his people similar to how Farmer Jones treated his animals.

Financial Polynominal Essay

For this assignment the following in instructions are to complete and review the example of how complete the mat required for the assignment. To solve the problem 90 on page 304 of Elementary and Intermediate Algebra and to be sure that all steps of the squaring of the binominal and multiplication along with any simplification that might be used. Evaluate the polynomial resulting from step 1 using: P= $200 and R=10%, and Also with P=5670 and R= 3.5% Complete problem 70 on 311 page on Elementary and Intermediate Algebra show all steps of the division then incorporate words like foil, like terms, descending order, dividend, and divisor. Problem #1 P (1+r/2)2 P [(1+r/2)*(1+ r/2)] P [1 + r/2 +r/2 + r2 /4] P (1+ r + r2/4) Let P + $200 and R = 10% Convert 10% to a decimal which is 10/100 = .1 200* (1 + .1 + .12 /4) 200 + (200* .1) + (200 * .01/4) = 200+ 20+ .5 = 220.5 So you would make 20.5 dollars in the first year and the second year your total account balance would be $ 243.10 Problem #2 Let P = 5670 and r = 3.5 % Convert 3.5 % to a decimal 35/1000 = .035 P (1 + r +r2 /4) 5670* (1 + .035 + .03/4 52) 5670 + (5670 * .035) + (5670 * .00123/4) = 5670 + 198.45+1.74 = 5870.19 Problem #3 In this problem we follow the rules of normal division and exponents division Since the exponent in the divisor -3 xs is positive we will subtract on x from x 3 and that will become x2. So, now that we have 3Ãâ€"2 the process is the same with the entire exponent in the equation. (-9Ãâ€"33 +3Ãâ€"2- 15) / (-3x) (-9Ãâ€"3/-3x) + (3x/-3x) – (15x/-3x) 3Ãâ€"2 –x +5 This equation cannot be Foil, because it is a quadratic equation.

Facts on the Vietnam War

Facts on the Vietnam War The Vietnam War began on November 1, 1955, and ended April 30, 1975. It lasted for 19 and 1/2 years.  Although the bulk of the fighting took place in Vietnam, the war also spilled over into neighboring Laos and Cambodia in the early 1970s. Communist North Vietnamese forces, led by Ho Chi Minh, were allied with the Viet Cong in South Vietnam, the Peoples Republic of China, and the Soviet Union. They faced an anti-communist coalition made up of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the United States, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and Laos. Troops Deployed and Outcomes North Vietnam and its allies deployed approximately  500,000 troops South Vietnam and its allies deployed 1,830,000 (peak in 1968). The North Vietnamese army and their Viet Cong allies won the war. The United States and other foreign nations withdrew their troops by March 1973. The South Vietnamese capital of Saigon fell to the communist forces on April 30, 1975. Estimated Total Deaths: South Vietnam - approximately 300,000 soldiers dead, up to 3,000,000 civilians North Vietnam Viet Cong - approximately 1,100,000 soldiers dead, up to 2,000,000 civilians Cambodia - 200,000 or more civilians dead United States - 58,220 dead Laos - approximately 30,000 dead South Korea - 5,099 dead Peoples Republic of China - 1,446 dead Thailand - 1,351 dead Australia - 521 dead New Zealand - 37 dead Soviet Union - 16 dead. Major Events and Turning Points: Gulf of Tonkin Incident, August 2 and 4, 1964. My Lai Massacre, March 16, 1968. Tet Offensive, January 30, 1968. Large Anti-war Protests Begin in US, October 15, 1969. Kent State Shootings, May 4, 1970. Fall of Saigon, April 30, 1975.

Free Essays on Customer Taste With Mixed Logit

I. Introduction In situations where customers choose among products, a customer’s taste parameters reflect the value that the customer places on each attribute of the products. Knowing the tastes of individual customers, as well as the distribution of tastes in the population, allows firms to design products that attract specific customers, recognize opportunities for targeted marketing, and identify groups of customers with similar tastes. Prediction of choices in new situations, which is important for assessing the market feasibility of new products, is also improved with information on individual customers’ tastes. Previously in this journal (Revelt and Train, 1998), we described discrete-choice procedures to estimate the distribution of tastes in the population. In the present paper, we extend these procedures, showing how the models can be used to make inferences about the tastes of each sampled customer. The general procedure is similar to the approaches of other studies, described in the next paragraph, that have inferred observation-specific information from estimates of the overall distribution of this information and the observation-specific dependent variable. Stated succinctly: The probability of outcome yn for observation n, labeled ) | ( n n y P , depends on information n that the researcher cannot observe. The unobserved information has density ) | ( n g , characteristized by parameters . The marginal probability of outcome yn is therefore = n n n n n d g y P y P ) | ( ) | ( ) | ( , and the log-likelihood function for = is LL= n n y P ) | ( ln , which is maximized to provide an estimator of .= Inference about each observation’s n utilizes yn in relation to ) ( g . In particular, the conditional density 3 of n is ) | ( ) | ( ) | ( ) , | ( n ... Free Essays on Customer Taste With Mixed Logit Free Essays on Customer Taste With Mixed Logit I. Introduction In situations where customers choose among products, a customer’s taste parameters reflect the value that the customer places on each attribute of the products. Knowing the tastes of individual customers, as well as the distribution of tastes in the population, allows firms to design products that attract specific customers, recognize opportunities for targeted marketing, and identify groups of customers with similar tastes. Prediction of choices in new situations, which is important for assessing the market feasibility of new products, is also improved with information on individual customers’ tastes. Previously in this journal (Revelt and Train, 1998), we described discrete-choice procedures to estimate the distribution of tastes in the population. In the present paper, we extend these procedures, showing how the models can be used to make inferences about the tastes of each sampled customer. The general procedure is similar to the approaches of other studies, described in the next paragraph, that have inferred observation-specific information from estimates of the overall distribution of this information and the observation-specific dependent variable. Stated succinctly: The probability of outcome yn for observation n, labeled ) | ( n n y P , depends on information n that the researcher cannot observe. The unobserved information has density ) | ( n g , characteristized by parameters . The marginal probability of outcome yn is therefore = n n n n n d g y P y P ) | ( ) | ( ) | ( , and the log-likelihood function for = is LL= n n y P ) | ( ln , which is maximized to provide an estimator of .= Inference about each observation’s n utilizes yn in relation to ) ( g . In particular, the conditional density 3 of n is ) | ( ) | ( ) | ( ) , | ( n ...

Explain the differences between national income or gross domestic Essay

Explain the differences between national income or gross domestic product and what the state of bhutan in the himalayas calls gr - Essay Example More recently the King of Bhutan has promoted a policy of Gross National Happiness (GNH) in opposition to GDP, arguing that the latter did not reflect the important intangible aspects of society and culture such as religious belief, harmony with nature, spiritual peace, and transcendent wisdom. In using GDP only as a measure of national worth and as a guide for planning risks the deterioration of these important intangible aspects globally, and this is most harshly reflected in the destruction of indigenous cultures with philosophical foundations and beliefs different from Western capitalism. II. National Income & GDP Institutions such as the World Bank, IMF, and UN agencies frequently use GDP statistics to determine international aid, finance for development projects, and in the calculation of the distribution of wealth within a society for analysis. These records are drawn from tax accounts primarily as recorded income, leading to the question of differences in accounting standards between nations and the variance of business standards between cultures. Yet, a larger question has developed as to whether GDP as calculated includes the subtle economic and social factors that are important to community welfare. â€Å"Simon Kuznets is best known for his studies of national income and its components. Prior to World War I, measures of GNP were rough guesses, at best. No government agency collected data to compute GNP, and no private economic researcher did so systematically, either. Kuznets changed all that. With work that began in the 1930s and stretched over decades, Kuznets computed national income back to 1869. He broke it down by industry, by final product, and by use. He also measured the distribution of income between rich and poor.† (Econlib, 2011) GDP provides a portrait of the economic activity of a nation by measuring the sum of all economic activity within the sovereign during a given time frame, generally annually. Weight is given to each sector by the total amount of commercial activity involved, but this does not inherently coincide with the hierarchy of values within a society. Instead, it promotes the economic and commercial criteria to the determinant force of national development by defining material prosperity, ever increasing, as the key to a higher standard of living. While in most instances this correlation of economic activity does reflect advanced technological development, improvements in medicine, architecture, public utilities, and the comfort level of society, some critics claim it is not complete or balanced in reflecting the overall values of a culture empirically. Whether or not this can be done is reflected in the debate around Gross National Happiness (GNH), a term instituted by the Bhutanese King Jigme Singye Wangchuck in his coronation address in 1972. III. Gross National Happiness Gross National Happiness is developed from a Buddhist view of the interconnectedness of all life and the need for renunc iation of selfishness and ego in order to cultivate enlightenment. The Buddha taught an Eightfold Path that included interrelated tenets on awareness, morality, behavior, etc. intended to bring about the perfection

Impact of Culture on International Business Essay - 5

Impact of Culture on International Business - Essay Example In fact, Apple is known for its ability to change the traditional organizational hierarchy that ended up being emulated, especially on not adapting to official business dress code (O’Grady, 2008, p.34). This is a strong indication of a culture with high value for freedom of creativity, expression, and innovation. For many years now, Apple is highly differentiated from other international businesses, especially in the same industry, by having a strong horizontal hierarchy, where hardware engineers, for instance, worked together with interface designers, marketing, and documentation personnel in creating a new innovative and complete product offering (O’Grady, 2008, p.29). Due to its horizontal hierarchy, the social network at Apple is, therefore, predictable, less complex, but at some point, with strong cultural impact. For instance, the high value for freedom of expression allows employees to disseminate substantial information to others. This would be a remarkable source of cultural conflict. In addition, any form of dissatisfaction on the part of the human resource would probably create a fast-pace domino effect due to culture that is strongly adhering to horizontal hierarchy that has a great depth of flexibility, and value for freedom of expression. This, at some point, raises significant concern on increasing individuality even if there is ongoing consensus effort for working as a team. To compensate this risk, it is, therefore, important on the part of the CEOs to maintain their high level of leadership. In this view, there is a strong level of impact on coping with change that would complement with the prevailing complexity that has strong ass ociation with managing organizational culture. The recent culture at Apple Incorporated would be a significant challenge to the next-in-line leaders. If leaders would not be properly acquainted with this kind of culture, just as how Jobs created and made use of it to the fullest,

Three Main Parts of a Plant and Differences between Eudicots and Coursework

Three Main Parts of a Plant and Differences between Eudicots and Monocots - Coursework Example Roots are responsible of providing the plant with water and other minerals contained by the soil. It also anchors the plants and holds the plant to ground. Stem has the responsibility to transport water minerals from roots to the leaves and branches and food and oxygen from leaves to other parts. Leaves carry the responsibility of making food for the plants through the process of photosynthesis. Plant can make its food by itself combining carbon-dioxide and sunlight by the process of photosynthesis. The vegetative parts of a plant are root, stem and leaves but flowers, fruits and seeds are its reproductive organs. Difference between Monocot and Eudicot Plants Flowering plants produce seeds of two basic types, monocots and eudicots. There are many differences between the Monocots and eudicots. In monocots there is only one cotyledon in the seed but in eudicot plants the seed has two cotyledons. In monocot plants the root xylem and phloem are distributed in a ring while in eudicots roo t phloem is the xylem. In monocots the vascular tissues are there in the stem in a scattered form but eudicots have its vascular tissues distinctly arranged. Leaves veins in monocot plants are formed in a parallel pattern while eudicots have a leave veins in a net shape.

Body Mass of Earthworms Essay Example for Free

Body Mass of Earthworms Essay Earthworms play an important role in the turnover of organic matter in soil and maintaining a good soil structure (Lavelle, 1988). Physical properties in soils improved by earthworms include improved aggregation, stability, and porosity. The soil biological and chemical properties of soils that may be modified include nutrient cycling (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus), organic matter decomposition rates, and chemical forms of nutrients in soil and their availability to plants. They also change the soil pH, organic matter dynamics in terms of quality and quantity, microbial and invertebrate activity, and diversity of the microflora and fauna (Lavelle et al. , 1998). Therefore, they are essential for plant growth especially in an extensive agricultural system, such as organic farming, which is based on nutrient release from turnover of organic matter. Earthworms can also be used as a source of protein for animal feed which had been reported to increase the growth of fish, chicken and piglets (Guerro, 1983; Jin-you et al., 1982; Edwards and Niederer, 1988). The mean amounts of essential amino acids recorded in earthworms are found to be very adequate for a good animal feed. Moreover, earthworm tissues contain a preponderance of long-chain fatty acids, many of which cannot be synthesized by non-ruminant animals and an adequate mineral content (Edwards and Niederer, 1988). Recently, the enzymes derived by the earthworms, lumbrokinase or earthworm fibrinolytic enzymes (EFE) which has anticoagulant (blood thinner) property is extensively being used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Following these valuable application of earthworms, the management of earthworm communities provides a promising field for innovation in agricultural practises. There are many factors affecting the growth and body mass of earthworms that need to be considered during cultivation of earthworms. The soil moisture obviously has an effect on the growth and activity of earthworms. Earthworms lose moisture through their cuticles, so they are very dependent on soil moisture. When soil moisture is optimum, earthworms increase in mass and in their activity if food sources are available (Lee, 1985; Edwards and Bohlen, 1996). Another important factor is the additions of organic matter in the form of farmyard manure which have been found to increase earthworm populations under favourable soil conditions (Lofs-Holmin, 1983a; Hansen, 1996). Several studies found that the mass of earthworms were the highest in manured soil compared to unfertilized and mineral fertilized soils (Hansen and Engelstad,1999; Marhan and Scheu, 2005). The purpose of this study is therefore, was to identify the optimum soil moisture and level of fertilizer that can be used to increase the body mass of earthworms, Pheretima sp. during cultivation. The worms of the genus Pheretima are indigenous to Southeast Asia (Edwards and Lofty, 1972), and widely distributed in tropical rainforests with strongly acid soils. There were two treatments being tested in this experiment. In the moisture content treatments, four different levels of moisture level in soil were compared. As for the fertilizer treatment, the goat manure was added at two different levels and was compared with an unfertilized control. Aim The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of moisture content and fertilizers on the body mass of earthworms, Pheretima sp. under laboratory conditions. Any observed difference in body mass may then indicate the optimum soil moisture and fertilizer content which can improve the mass rearing of this species for commercial use. Materials and Methods Study site The study was carried out in the Animal House which is located at Level 8 of Building 3, Monash University, Sunway Campus commencing from 19th April 2010 to 10th May 2010 (22 days). The rearing conditions for Pheretima sp during the study consisted of containers (paper cup) held in continuous darkness at room temperature (25oC). Experimental design The earthworms, Pheretima sp. were obtained from a shop in Klang Valley. Each test container (paper cup) was inoculated with a sample size of five worms (n=5). Before the experiment commences, the initial body mass (Mi) of the worms in each containers was weighed using an analytical balance. Then, each container was added with 500 g of clay-brown soil which was obtained from the Green House of Monash University. Treatments used in this experiment are combinations of two factors, the level of fertilizer application and water application. The treatments were within a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. All replications of treatments are assigned completely at random to independent experimental subjects. The relationship between three different levels of fertilizer treatment and four different levels of moisture treatment as they relate to the changes in the body mass of earthworms was examined with a split-plot factorial ANOVA, where fertilizer was a between group factor, and moisture content was a within group factor. This resulted in 12 (4 treatment level x 3 replicates) moisture containers in each (three) groups of different level of fertilizer, which made a total of 36 experimental units.

Intervention to Increase Exercise Levels of Diabetes Patient

Intervention to Increase Exercise Levels of Diabetes Patient An intervention to increase the participation levels of Physical Activity in patients diagnosed with Type II diabetes Background Physical activity is an increasingly important health issue with physical inactivity being associated with many chronic diseases. Physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth biggest risk factor for mortality, accounting for 6% of deaths globally [1]. However, despite strong evidence in support of the health benefits of physical activity, few people actually meet the recommended guideline level [2]. In 2008, less than 20% of adults aged 65-74 met the recommended level of physical activity [3]. Diabetes is the fifth most common cause of death in the world [4] affecting around 250 million people worldwide, a figure expected to increase to over 336 million by 2030 [5]. Type II diabetes is widespread amongst 90% of diabetic patients, found to be more common in older adults [6]. Obesity accounts for 80-85% of Type II diabetics, making it the most potent risk factor [7]. Research has shown that regular physical activity has positive benefits for Type II diabetes in that it improves body’s sensitivity to insulin and helps manage blood glucose levels [8], as well as improving an individual’s physical and mental well-being. This Indicates that physical activity is vital in both preventing and treating Type II diabetes, as well as preventing further chronic health conditions. Literature Review Self-determination theory (SDT) [9] accounts for the processes that facilitate motivational development and how the social environment can enhance or diminish self-motivation. SDT is a popular social-cognitive theory, which maintains and has provided support for the proposition that all human beings have fundamental psychological needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Satisfaction of these basic psychological needs (BPN) leads to intrinsic or extrinsic motivation which influences the level of self-determined motivation an individual possesses, whereas preventing these needs promotes controlled motivation or amotivation [10]. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a scientifically tested counselling method, viewed as a useful intervention strategy in the treatment of lifestyle problems and disease. The concept of MI evolved from the experience of treating alcoholism, first described by Miller in 1983 [11]. Miller and Rollnick defined MI as ‘a directive, client-centred counselling style for eliciting behaviour change, by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence’ [12]. MI is a particular way of helping clients recognise and do something about their current or potential problems. It is viewed as being particularly useful for clients who are reluctant or hesitant about changing their behaviour. A systematic review and meta-analysis [13] of 72 randomised controlled trials shows that MI in a scientific setting outperforms traditional advice giving in the treatment of a range of behavioural problems and diseases. It also shows that MI had a significant effect in approximately three out of four studies, with an equal effect on physiological (72%) and psychological (75%) diseases [13]. Large-scale studies are now needed to prove that it can be implemented into daily clinical work in primary and secondary health care. Research [14] has shown MI to be an effective intervention for weight loss and improving glycaemic control. Patients with Type II diabetes were randomly allocated to an MI group, a Cognitive Behavioural Group Training (CBGT) or a control group and tested before and after each intervention. The findings of this study showed that in MI and CBGT, mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly lower than the control group, indicating MI and CBGT is a useful intervention in helping adults with type II diabetes lose weight [14]. MI has been criticised for lacking a coherent theoretical framework for understanding its process and efficacy. It is believed that SDT can offer such a framework [15]. MI and SDT are based on the assumption that humans have an innate tendency for personal growth toward psychological integration, and that MI provides the social–environmental facilitating factors suggested by SDT to promote this tendency [15]. Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of using motivational interviewing to increase the level of physical activity of older adults diagnosed with type II diabetes, through satisfying their basic psychological needs. Design A randomised control trial design will be used, to establish a cause and effect relationship between the intervention – MI, and the outcome – increase in physical activity. A control group will be used to compare against the intervention group, allowing the researcher to see if MI has a specific effect on the intended behaviour change (increase in physical activity). It also allows any potential ‘other factors’, away from the attention of the intervention which may contribute to an increase in physical activity to be identified. The participants, to prevent selection bias, will be randomly allocated to a group using a computer. Sample Participants need to be classified as physically inactive (participate in less than 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, 3 times a week), diagnosed with Type II diabetes and aged 65+. Participants will be recruited through letters sent out via General Practitioners (GPs) to patients and through advertisements in health centres and doctors surgeries. Although currently classified as physically inactive the participant must be willing to engage in physical activity, and therefore must gain medical clearance, from their GP, to participate in the study. The recruitment of participants will be done throughout England in order to gain a large, reliable sample which can be generalised to the wider population. Intervention Miller and Rollnick [12] suggested that MI is based on the following principles: express empathy, develop discrepancy, avoid argumentation, roll with resistance, and support self-efficacy [12]. The strategies of MI are more persuasive than forced, more supportive than argumentative, and the overall goal is to increase the client’s intrinsic motivation so that change arises from within [15]. The practitioner should aim to produce a social environment satisfying participants BPN, which should promote their motivation to participate in physical activity. The structure provided by the practitioner, such as helping the client develop appropriate goals and providing positive feedback, targets the psychological need for competence. The provision of autonomy support by using client-centred strategies like rolling with resistance, exploring options, and letting the client make decisions, all support the need for autonomy. The involvement of the client by the practitioner in terms of ex pressing empathy, demonstrating an understanding and avoiding criticism support the need for relatedness [16]. To increase the likelihood of physical activity participants can chose whether their MI sessions are at their local leisure centre or hospital, or via telephone calls. The intervention program will last for 18months. In the first three months the participants will receive weekly sessions, then from month three to six they will have fortnightly sessions, and for the final 12months they will receive one session per month. A follow up study will also be completed 24months after the intervention started. It is important that practitioners provide the participants with knowledge, guidance and support to enable them to make decisions. The control group will have social phone calls and meetings like the intervention group but no MI in the sessions they will just be encouraged to maintain their current physical activity level. Assessment The outcome of the intervention will be measured at intervals: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months. A follow up study will also be completed 24months after the intervention started. The study will adopt three measures. The first is a general questionnaire measure to obtain demographic information, such as participants’ age, sex and current physical activity levels. The second measure is the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) [17]. PASE is a valid, brief and easy scored survey designed specifically to assess physical activity in epidemiologic studies of persons age 65 years and older [17].The final measure used will be the Basic Need Satisfaction Scale [18]. This will assess the extent to which the participant felt their practitioner was satisfying their BPN. All these measures have been found to be valid and reliable. The same measures will be used at each interval to assess changes/improvements, as well as being used in the follow up to see if th eir behaviour change has been sustained. Limitations There are a few limitations to consider. Firstly, the study aims to recruit a large sample of participants for a long period of time; it will be hard for the researcher to keep all the participants for the duration, resulting in a high dropout rate, making the result unreliable and un-generalizable. Secondly, the intervention requires time, especially at the start when the participant is required to attend weekly meetings. If the participant(s) has a lack of time then they are not going to be able to attend weekly meetings as well as completing the physical activity. In term of the intervention used, MI is based on the idea that a client must be willing to work with a professional to change behaviours, a client in denial will be unaffected by MI questions and advice. Also, outside influences maybe stronger, meaning that in a clinical setting the participant is motivated to change but when they return home they may return back to original behaviour.

Ch. 10 project- Booker T. Washington :: essays research papers

Booker Taliaferro was born a mix slave in Franklin Country on 5th April, 1856. His father was a white man who and no one knew who he was and his mother the slave of James Burroughs. His mother married the slave Washington Ferguson. When Booker entered school he took the name of his stepfather and became known as Booker T. Washington. After emancipation, his family was so poor that he worked in factories and mines at the age of nine. When he was 16 his parents allowed him to quit work to go to school. They had no money to help him so he walked 200 miles to attend the Hampton Institute in Virginia and paid his tuition and board there by working as the janitor. The principal of the institute was Samuel Armstrong an who was against slavery and had been commander of African American troops during the Civil War. Armstrong believed that it was important that the freed slaves received an education. Armstrong was impressed with Washington and arranged for his tuition to be paid for by a wealthy white man. Booker T. Washington carried on this idea and later he would teach in his home town, then at the Hampton Institute, and then in 1881, he founded the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama. As head of the Institute, he traveled the country unceasingly to raise funds from blacks and whites both; soon he became a well-known speaker. In 1895, Washington was asked to speak at the opening of the Cotton States Exposition, a good thing for an African American. His Atlanta Compromise speech explained his idea, that blacks could protect their rights through their own economic and moral progress rather than through legal and political changes. Although his calm stand angered some blacks who feared it would encourage the enemy of equal rights, whites approved of his views. His major achievement was to win over diverse elements among southern whites, without whose support the programs he thought and brought into being would have been impossible.

Business Strategy for Easyjet

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Mission statement, Aim & Objectives 2 3. PESTEL Analysis 2 3. 1 Political 2 3. 2Economic 3 3. 3Social 3 3. 4Technological 3 3. 5Legal 3 3. Environmental 3 4. SWOT Analysis 4 4. 1 Internal Analysis 4 4. 2External Analysis 4 5. Porter’s five forces 4 6. Porter’s value chain 5 7. Stakeholders Mapping 6 8. Ansoff Matrix 7 9.BCG Matrix 7 10. Strategy position and selected strategy 8 11. Conclusion 11 12. Appendices 12 13. Reference 15 1. Introduction Easyjet Airline Company is a British airline headquartered at London Luton Airport which operating domestic and international scheduled services on 500 routes between 118 European, North African, and West Asian airports (Theairdb, 2005).The company was founded in 1995 by Stelios Haji-loannou. And currently the management of easyjet is formed by Andrew Harrison as CEO, Cor Vrieswijk as COO and Jeff Carr as CFO (Easyjet, 2009). Up to 2009, easyjet had nearly 7000 employees throughout Europe. Apart from low-cost tickets, easyjet has improved in network quality, lower cost deals with key suppliers and enhancements to easyjet. com and so on (Easyjet, 2009). 2. Mission statement, Aim & Objectives Mission statement of easyjet is â€Å"to provide customers with safe, good value, point-to-point air services.To effect and to offer a consistent and reliable product and fares appealing to leisure and business markets on a range of European routes† (Easyjet, 2002). The company will develop its people and establish lasting relationships with its suppliers. Vision| Easyjet’s vision of the future is built on developing its strength to be the largest and best low cost airline in Europe (Bized, 2002). | Value| 1. Safety 2. Teamwork 3. Pioneering 4. Passionate 5. Integrity (Easyjetcareers, 2010)| The aim & objectives of Easyjet are similar to its mission statement.The company underpins its long-term prospects matter its business with safety, customer satisfaction, future f inancial performance, people and environment (Easyjet, 2009). 3. PESTEL Analysis 3. 1 Political The political environment includes tax policy such as Air Passenger Duty and carbon tax. â€Å"APD tax is raised about ? 2. 4bn for government every year. The airline Easyjet also supported for a green tax on air travel based on carbon produced (BBC, 2007). Increasing tax is not effective for customers to pay more but â€Å"easyjet has realized it and apologized to customers† (Easyjet, 2007).Cheap first and expensive later is what Easyjet always does. According to appendix 1, more immigration coming to UK gives easyjet more marketing opportunity. However, national insurance puts employees wage up so that increases company’s costs (Telegraph, 2010). 3. 2 Economic According to appendix 2, â€Å"some experts predict that the UK interest rate will increase to 3% in 2010 and 2011† (Marketoracle, 2010). Customers may pay higher for tickets if they borrow money. Meantime, a ccording to appendix 3, it is bad for easyjet because â€Å"some experts assert that Euro may depreciate in the next 6 months from January, 2010† (Marketvector, 2010).People maybe fail to choose easyjet up to this viewpoint. Additionally, it gives a burden to the company as fuel price may go up year by year (see appendix 4). 3. 3 Social Attitude of customers impact on easyjet’s business. According to appendix 5, more customers prefer to travel by air these years and it hits 2000 million in 2004 (Grida, 2007). The phenomenon makes easyjet arrange more flights. Meantime, â€Å"nearly 28% people choose to search tickets information online everyday so that the company’s business online can be developed quickly† (Alexa, 2010). 3. 4 TechnologicalThere are nearly 200 airplanes in the company and easyjet is working closely wth all the relevant airframe and engine (Easyjet, 2009). The safety can be guaranteed. The company also offers online check-in system for bag gage with codes and buying tickets which is pretty convenient to customers (Azureholidays, 2009). 3. 5 Legal The company follows mostly European law such as safety law. But there is a piece of bad news recently that easyjet needs to pay 1. 4m euros in damages for violating French labour laws (BBC, 2010). It is not only negative to financial condition but also to reputation.At the same time, the company supports carbon law that cut carbon emissions. 3. 6 Environmental The global standards for aircraft that can lead to carbon emissions of aviations being cut by 40%, Easyjet seeks the legislation for cleaner aircrafts is demanded by his firm to stop the flight of old and inefficient planes (Gray, 2009). It is good for passengers’ health. Meantime, the average aircraft age is 2. 2 years which makes up the youngest, cleanest and quietest fleets in the world (Easyjet, 2009). 4. SWOT Analysis 4. 1 Internal Analysis Strengths| Weakness| Leading airline with low-cost flights which acr oss most big city in Europe such as Berlin, Milan, Paris and so on (Easyjet, 2008). * Being seen as an innovative and flexible organization and has a strong e-business which offers full and fast price plan to customers. * Image, differentiation on price and brand (Mayer, 2007). * Quick turnarounds at the airports with more flights, better productivity. * Internal job mobility (Kernchen, 2007). | * Low frequency of routes. * More outsourcing might affect customer satisfaction (Kernchen, 2007). Sometimes longer flights without frills might be hard to implement successfully like no food service (Fifield, 2007). | 4. 2 External analysis Opportunities: Low-cost airline industry has a promising future. If Easyjet can establish itself as the low-cost number 1 airline, Easyjet will continue its success with its strong position and prove takeover opportunities (Kernchen, 2007). Threats: Economic downturn may lead to a decrease in casual flyers (Businessteacher, 2006). Increased competition l eads to greater difficulties in demanding incentives from communities such as low fees Easyjet received at Luton (Mayer, 2007).To enter new markets like Germany and France, Easyjet also end to spend much money than in the UK (Kernchen, 2007). The cost is pretty higher. 5. Porter’s five forces The threat of substitutes = Low The threat of substitutes for easyjet comes from other transport tools such as trains, cars, boats and so on. Minimal threat from train and car on domestic routes (Mayer, 2007). Eastjet does not need to worry too much about other transports tools if easyjet improves online system continually. The threat of entry = low It is difficult for a new company to enter in the low-cost airline industry. Easyjet has quite a comfortable position in the UK low-cost market as the biggest operator. High capital requirements also negate threat to some extent for easyjet† (Mayer, 2007). The threat of buyers = Moderate Customers will often choose better price particul arly with the online tickets system (Capon, 2008). Customer loyalty is necessary so that easyjet must keep a regular check on prices all the time (Mayer, 2007). The threat of suppliers = High Easyjet have no power to alter the price of fuel as an individual company (Mayer, 2007).Without Boeing and Airbus, Easyjet lose planes so that Easyjet must keep good relationship with them. Sometimes, airports also easily raise charges to airline. The threat of competitive rivalry = Moderate It is pretty rivalrous with many competitors who also operate short-haul market in the European such as Palmair, Germanwings, Ryanair and so on (Which, 2010). A numbers of tour operators like Thomas Cook may threat the market by selling scheduled seats (Subiotto and Snelders, 2007). All in all, â€Å"the growth of individual airlines and the expectation that competition among low-cost airlines will intensify† (Chris, 2010). . Porter’s Value Chain As a low fare airline, Easyjet makes the most o f its assets and its competencies to develop advantages and create much value compared with other airlines Inbound Operation Outbound Marketing Sales Tickets sales online After-sales service Ticketless service Catering Internet Fuel Aircraft Baggage handling Maintenance Inbound * Easyjet uses outside catering supplier to offer in-flight service (Dfnionline, 2007). * Easyjet spent a great deal of money on fuel. * Easyjet buy or rent airplanes mainly from Boeing and Airbus (Easyjet, 2009). There is another company who is mainly responsible for respire easyjet’s airplanes (Viploan, 2005). Operations and Outound * With ticketless service, customers just need a code and bring it to airport for boarding number (Ciao, 2000). * Internet is more important for Easyjet than call centre. * Easyjet does well in online check-in facility with hold baggage (Easyjet, 2009). Marketing and Service Easyjet has its own marketing department to publicize the company. And the company mainly focuses on lost baggage and speedy boarding for customers (Easyjet, 2009). . Stakeholder Mapping Low Interest High Interest | Suppliers: Boeing and AirbusCustomersCommunity Groups| | InvestorsGovernment AgencyShareholders: Stelios Haji-Ioannou who owns 22% shares. | Low Power High Power It is obviously that Boeing and Airbus has lots of interest so that they cooperate with Easyjet frequently. Customers prefer to low-cost tickets and convenient online system. However, they have less power as Easyjet can buy or rent planes from other airline. The company also has founded its largest UK airline position.Investors are really into Easyjet’s service and its growth markets, and they also have powers to buy shares to make its share price up. For shareholders, Stelios Haji-Ioannou owns 22% of the whole company (Easyjet, 2009). He gets big power. 8. Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration: Easyjet can make the most of its existing products to achieve growth of market share such as â€Å"put ticket p rices to some domestic destination down continually and add more seats in planes† (Columbia, 2008). Market Development: Easyjet hopes to get growth by using its existing product to into new markets.The company is launching new flights to Australia, Romania and Germany which have been travel spotlights with its low-cost tickets and frequent flights (Easier, 2007). Product Development: Easyjet is adding flights and developing new flight routes to more places across the European even northern Africa (Easyjet 2009). Therefore, it develops the product range. Diversification: Easyjet is not only operates airline service but also does other related transportation service such as easycar, airport parking. Apart from transportation field, the company is also responsible for hotel booking, travel guide and so on.Diversification makes easyjet consolidate existing market and accmulaing experience for new fields. 9. BCG Matrix StarSpeedy Boarding| Question MarksBaggage terms| Cash CowsClub cards| DogsFood| Star: An enhanced version of its fast boarding service attracts more customers (Travel Trade Gazette, 2007). It is a high growth market. Question Marks: There is baggage allowance that Easyjet offers to speed its market up. Cash Cows: Customers get club cards of Easyjet so that they can get savings for credit purchasing of tickets (Travel Trade Gazette, 2007).Interest rate generally affects this so that there is not any growth. Dogs: Easyjet gets little money in catering according to the annual report (2009annualreport, 2009). 10. Strategic position and selected strategy The strategic position of Easyjet is similar to the aim & objectives. â€Å"Turn Europe Orange† that Easyjet expands its employer presence across Europe (2009annualreport, 2009). The company aims to cut more carbon emissions and add more seats in the planes so that improving quality of its service (2009annualreport, 2009).The objective has covered SMART because up to now Easyjet has been the largest airline in UK and the second largest airline in Europe 10. 1 Identify and evaluate alternative strategies * Easyjet can develop new routes from local airports in UK to Romania in 2011. This strategy meets Easyjet’s network position for refreshing new routes all the time. It covers suitability, feasibility and acceptability well. Suitability| The strategy conforms objectives of easyjet and makes the use of company’s resources on providing cheaper short-haul service within Europe (Pender, L. nd Sharpley, R. 2005). | Feasibility| It is achievable as Easyjet has been the second biggest airline around Europe so that passengers may choose because of its good reputation (Pender, L. and Sharpley, R. 2005). | Acceptability| Low-fare airports with cost-benefit and more marketing opportunities. | * Easyjet will offer British Airways Executive Gold card holders free speedy boarding plus (priority check-in and boarding) on the days that BA crew strike. Most passengers wish to use this free offer on that day (Easyjet, 2010).This strategy meets Easyjet customers proposition for building appeal to business travelers. By the way, it is also a kind of marketing campaign to offer more speedy boarding to customers. It covers suitability, feasibility and acceptability well. Suitability| It is profitable for the company to reduce check-in time and sell seats for leisure customers. Make the most of resources to earn money. | Feasibility| It is easily achievable that passengers who hold British Airways Executive Club Gold Card wish to accept this free offer (Easyjet, 2010). | Acceptability| | Easyjet is going to work closely with CAE which is a good flight school to use 5000 Series simulator for A320 pilots training at CAE’s Burgess Hill facility (Atwonline, 2008). The strategy meets Easyjet safety requirements to improve pilots training. It covers suitability, feasibility well but not acceptability. Suitability| Providing customers with well-trained pilo ts and good safety system. | Feasibility| CAE helps with qualified training simulators so that the quality and service can be guaranteed (Krishnan, A. 2008). | Acceptability| Easyjet spends money to make agreements with CAE.It may give additional strain on staff. | 10. 2 Select one strategy and describe the implementation & monitoring plans In my opinion, it is appropriate for Easyjet to develop new routes to Romania. There are only two routes which departure from Madrid and Milan to Romania (Easyjet, 2010). It is not enough. Firstly, Easyjet is the UK’s largest airline measured by the number of passengers flown (Easyjet, 2010). But in the Europe, there are several competitors such as Ryanair, BMI and so on. More people choose to go on holidays to Romania which known as the â€Å"Paris of the East† (Easyjet, 2009).Developing new routes gives rise to more marketing opportunities. Secondly, choosing low-fare airports such as Bucharest meets the organizational objectives. The company is able to make good use of its resources of new aircrafts and employees. Thirdly, developing new routes which departure from native airports in UK gives local people opportunities to go on holidays to Romania directly. Thus, it helps Easyjet to consolidate its UK largest airline. Implementation The route starts from UK airport such as Liverpool, Bristol, Stansted, it is necessary for Easyjet to make good deal with the airports.The company needs to pay a sum of money for airport fees which involves aircraft parking, administration fees and airport parking, airport lounges for passengers (Easyjet, 2007). The native airports in UK offer low cost parking such as ? 4 per day at Bristol. The airports in other European cities such as Milan, Paris will cost a little more for these fees (Easyjet, 2007). Then Easyjet may prepare how many flights will departure from each route with arranged pilots, in-flight staff and the first departure date. The company needs to publicize the n ew routes to passengers in time online with detailed ticket price include or exclude tax.For example, many people are attracted by the Bucharest’s architecture (Easyjet, 2009). The company can develop a route from Liverpool in summer vacation or winter vacation, 2011. Thus, there will be more customers who would like to have a view of Romania during holidays. Monitoring Plan In order to operate these new routes better, the company is able to monitor the routes carefully. To ensure every flight should be arrived to the airports on time, using global online service to anticipate weather-related delays at departure and destination airports (Metoffice, 2010).Work out optimizing schedules and scan customers’ feedback carefully so that if there is someone who feels bad for easyjet’s service, the company can improve immediately. If the new routes are operated well with lots of numbers of passengers and minimizing level of delays times, Easyjet can consider opening more new routes across Europe. It is appropriate for easyjet to operate 70 new routes in 2010 (Easyjet, 2010). The company can add more routes departure from different local airports such as Luton, Bristol to Romania and then add some routes which departure in other countries such as Paris to Romania.Therefore for customers at any places, there will be more choices. 11. Conclusion In order to become the largest low-cost airline in Europe, Easyjet also needs to enhance its online system and â€Å"fly outside Europe† strategy. This may give rise to more marketing opportunities. However, up to now, Easyjet operates successfully and gets profit up to 80 million pounds with 9% up of market shares in 2009 (2009annualreport, 2009). The company must be growing continually and has a promising future. 12. Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 | | Irish Pound to US Dollar Currency Exchange Rate Forecast|Appendix 4 Appendix 5 13. Reference Books Capon, C. (2008), Understanding Strategi c Management, Prentice Hall: Essex. Fifield, P. (2007), Marketing strategy: the difference between marketing and markets (3rd Edition), Elsevier: Oxford. Krishnan, A. (2008), War as business: technological change and military service contracting, Ashgate Publishing Limited: Hampshire. Kernchen, N. (2007), Marketing differences between traditional airlines and low-cost airlines in Europe, GRIN: Paris. Mayer, F. (2007), A Case Study of EasyJet and the Airline Industry, GRIN: Paris. Pender, L. nd Sharpley, R. (2005), The management of tourism, SAGE Publications Ltd. : London. Subiotto, R and Snelders, R. (2007), Antitrust Developments in Europe 2007, Kluwer Law International: Netherlands. Journals Chris, T. (2010), LOW-COST COMMODITY, Airline Business  Feb2010, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p28-30 Gray, C. (2009), Easyjet seeks carbon laws, Travel Trade Gazette UK & Ireland  12/4/2009, Issue 2892, p26-26 Travel Trade Gazette, (2007), Extra boost profits, 11/23/2007, Issue 2794, p14-14 Websites 2009annualreport, (2009), Annual report and accounts 2009, [Online] http://2009annualreport. asyjet. com/business-review/review-of-strategy/safety. html (13/04/2010). 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Dollar to Euro Currency Exchange Rate Forecast, [Online] http://www. marketvector. com/exchange-rate/euro. htm (02/04/2010). Telegraph, (2010 ), Election 2010: George Osborne says easyjet would be hit by ‘job tax’ on airport visit, [Online] http://www. telegraph. co. uk/news/election-2010/7560181/Election-2010-George-Osborne-says-easyJet-would-be-hit-by-jobs-tax-on-airport-visit. html Read also: My Ambition Is To Become a Collector